203630 Results for: "6-Iodo-8-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-3-quinolinecarboxylic+acid"

Supplier: Prosci

RICK Antibody: Apoptosis is mediated by death domain (DD) and/or caspase recruitment domain (CARD) containing molecules and a caspase family of proteases. DD-containing serine/threonine kinase RIP regulates Fas-induced apoptosis. A novel CARD-containing serine/threonine kinase was recently identified and designated RICK/RIP2/CARDIAK for RIP-like interacting CLARP kinase, receptor interacting protein-2, and CARD-containing ICE associated kinase, respectively. RICK contains an N-terminal kinase catalytic domain and a C-terminal CARD domain. Overexpression of RICK induced apoptosis and activation of NF-kappa B and JNK. RICK interacts with members of the TRAF family, CLARP and caspase-1. Thus, RICK represents a novel kinase that regulates TNF and Fas induced-apoptosis and that is involved in the generation of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1 beta. The messenger RNA of RICK is expressed in multiple human tissues.

Supplier: Prosci

IKK gamma Antibody: Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) is a ubiquitous transcription factor and an essential mediator of gene expression during activation of immune and inflammatory responses. NF-kappa B mediates the expression of a great variety of genes in response to extracellular stimuli. NF-kappa B is associated with I kappa B proteins in the cell cytoplasm, which inhibit NF-kappa B activity. The I kappa B kinase (IKK alpha and IKK beta ) phosphorylates IkB and mediates NF-kappa B activation. A novel molecule in the IKK complex was recently identified and termed IKK gamma /NEMO/FIP3/IKKAP1. IKK gamma interacts with IKK beta and is required for the activation of IKK complex and NF-kappa B by LPS, PMA, TNF, and IL-1 stimulation. FIP3 was also shown to bind to RIP and NIK and to mediate TNF-induced NF-kappa B activation.

Supplier: Prosci

MADD Antibody: MAP kinase-activating death domain protein (MADD) was initially identified as the type 1 tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR1) associated protein though their death domains. Overexpression of MADD activates MAP kinases ERK and JNK and induces the phosphorylation of cytosolic phospholipase A2. MADD shares 98% identity with DENN (for differentially expressed in neoplastic vs. normal cells), which was recently identified as a substrate for c-jun N-terminal kinase 3 (JNK3). MADD has greater than 94% overall identity to a GDP/GTP exchange protein Rab3-GEP. MADD is 87% identical to KIAA0358, a brain protein of unknown function. Identification of MADD as a component of the TNFR1 signaling complex and the similarity between MADD and Rab3-GEP provides a connection between TNFR1 activation and downstream MAP kinase activity through a guanine-nucleotide exchange protein.

Supplier: Prosci

CAD Antibody: Apoptosis is related to many diseases and induced by a family of cell death receptors and their ligands. Cell death signals are transduced by death domain containing adapter molecules and members of the caspase family of proteases. These death signals finally cause the degradation of chromosomal DNA by activated DNase. A mouse DNase that causes DNA fragmentation was identified recently and designated CAD (for caspase activated deoxyribonuclease). The human homologue of mouse CAD was more recently identified by two groups independently and termed CPAN and DFF40. Human DFF45 and its mouse homologue ICAD are the inhibitors of CPAN/DFF40 and CAD, respectively. Upon cleavage of DFF45/ICAD by activated caspase, DFF40/CAD is released and activated and eventually causes the degradation of DNA in the nuclei. Activation of CAD/DFF40, which causes DNA degradation, is the hallmark of apoptotic cell death.

Supplier: Prosci

GFR alpha 2 Antibody: Members of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family, including GDNF and neurturin (NTN) play key roles in the control of vertebrate neuron survival and differentiation. Physiological responses to NTN require the presence of a novel glycosylphosphadidylinositol linked protein NTNRalpha, which is a cell surface receptor for NTN. The cDNAs encoding NTNRalpha from human, rat, chicken, and mouse have been cloned recently. NTNRalpha was also termed GDNFR beta , Ret ligand 2 (RETL2) or TGFbeta-related neurotrophic factor receptor 2 (TrnR2) and nominated as GFR alpha -2 recently. GFR alpha -2 binds NTN and mediates activation of RET receptor tyrosine kinase by both NTN and GDNF. Thus, NTN, GFR alpha -2, and the Ret PTK form a complex to transduce NTN signal and to mediate NTN function.

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

RWDD3 (RSUME), a small RWD-containing protein, has a central role in sumoylation by enhancing SUMO conjugation in the regulatory network of immune-inflammatory signals. RWDD3 increases IkBeta sumoylation and stability. In addition, RWDD3 inhibits TNF-a-induced kappaB-LUC (Luciferase) reporter activity, showing the functional consequence of IkBeta increased stability. RSUME-enhanced sumoylation of IkBeta leads to the inhibition of NF-kBeta activity on two well-known inflammatory genes, IL-8 and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) and therefore may also favor anti-inflammatory pathways. Expression of RWDD3 was induced under hypoxic conditions and it has a potential role during vascularization. Both BMP-4 and RWDD3 may be interesting targets for inhibiting steps involved in pituitary tumorigenesis.

Supplier: ANTIBODIES.COM LLC

Rat Cross Linked C-telopeptide of type III Collagen/CTXIII ELISA kit is a sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (sELISA) designed for the in vitro quantitative determination of rat Cross Linked C-telopeptide of type III Collagen/CTXIII in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, and other biological fluids.

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

IA-1, also known as INSM1, is an essential five zinc-finger transcription factor that while initially identified from an insulinoma cDNA library, is expressed in the developing nervous system. Specifically, IA-1 is expressed as early as E9.5 in mice in the fore-, mid- and hindbrain, spinal cord, retina, and olfactory bulb. It is thought that IA-1 functions as a transcriptional repressor, and is a part of several signaling pathways including those of Notch and sonic hedgehog in addition to that of Ngn3 during pancreatic endocrine cell differentiation. IA-1 is also expressed in multiple tumors, including the majority of neuroendocrine tumors tested so far as well as nearly 100% of all small cell lung carcinomas, indicating that IA-1 may be an important target in cancer therapy.

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

Interleukin 17 (IL-17) is a family of pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by activated T cells and is thought to have a major role in the initiation and perpetuation of rheumatoid arthritis. IL-17 regulates the activities of NF-kB and mitogen-activated protein kinases such as ERK and JNK. In addition, IL-17 stimulates the expression of IL-6 and cyclooxygenase-2 and enhances the production of nitric oxide. IL-17-producing T helper cells (TH-17 cells) have been the subject of much attention due to the importance of IL-17 in the pathogenesis of autoimmune inflammation. Because of its role in autoimmune diseases, it is thought that targeting the production and action of IL-17 would be beneficial therapeutically in these diseases.

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

Glycoprotein VI (GP6) is a 58kD platelet membrane glycoprotein that plays a crucial role in the collagen-induced activation and aggregation of platelets. It is uniquely expressed by cells of the megakaryocytic/platelet lineage, and is a member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily, closely related to Fc receptor gamma chain (FcRgamma) and natural killer receptors. Glycoprotein VI plays a key role in platelet procoagulant activity and subsequent thrombin and fibrin formation. This procoagulant function may contribute to arterial and venous thrombus formation. The signaling pathway involves the FcRgamma, the Src kinases (likely Fyn/Lyn), the adapter protein LAT and leads to the activation of phospholipase C gamma2. GPVI deficiency can result in bleeding disorders. Further study should reveal the extent of GPVI involvement in thrombotic disease and allow the development of alternative anti-thrombotic compounds.

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

The HS-1 associated protein X-1 (Hax1) was initially identified in a yeast two-hybrid assay on the basis of its ability to bind to the hemapoietic cell-specific protein 1 (HS-1). Hax1 possesses anti-apoptotic activity and is structurally related to Bcl-2 family members, including the presence of BH1- and BH2-like domains. It has recently been shown to interact with HIV viral protein R (Vpr), a protein required for viral pathogenesis of HIV and linked to T-cell apoptosis through activation of caspases 3 and 9. Other studies indicate that Hax1-mediated processing of HtrA2 (also known as Omi) by the mitochondrial protease PARL allows survival of lymphocytes and neurons when cytokines are limiting. At least four isoforms of Hax1 are known to exist. This antibody is expected to recognize the longest isoform (Hax1a) as well as the shortest.

Supplier: Prosci

This gene is a member of the protocadherin beta gene cluster, one of three related gene clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five. The gene clusters demonstrate an unusual genomic organization similar to that of B-cell and T-cell receptor gene clusters. The beta cluster contains 16 genes and 3 pseudogenes, each encoding 6 extracellular cadherin domains and a cytoplasmic tail that deviates from others in the cadherin superfamily. The extracellular domains interact in a homophilic manner to specify differential cell-cell connections. Unlike the alpha and gamma clusters, the transcripts from these genes are made up of only one large exon, not sharing common 3' exons as expected. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins are integral plasma membrane proteins. Their specific functions are unknown but they most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell neural connections.

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

SLIT and NTRK-like family 2 (Slitrk2) is a member a protein family consisting of six homologous transmembrane proteins (Slitrk1-6) that share two conserved leucine-rich repeat domains in the extracellular domain and have significant homology to Slit, a secreted axonal growth-controlling protein. These proteins are also homologous to trk neurotrophin receptors in their intracellular domains. Expression of Slitrk proteins is highly restricted to neural and brain tumor tissues, but varies within the family. For example, Slitrk2 is expressed primarily in neurons in the ventricular layer of the brain. Like every other Slitrk protein except Slitrk1, overexpression of Slitrk2 inhibited neurite outgrowth in cultured neurons. Deletion analysis indicated that the functional difference between Slitrk2 and Slitrk1 is within their intracellular domains. At least two isoforms of this protein are known to exist.

Supplier: Promega Corporation

Upon purchase, the Maxwell CSC Instrument will be covered by a 1-year Premier Warranty, which covers all parts, labor and shipping to and from our depot repair location plus your choice of a loaner instrument or a visit by a repair technician.

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

Apoptosis plays a major role in normal organism development, tissue homeostasis, and removal of damaged cells. Disruption of this process has been implicated in a variety of diseases such as cancer. Members of the Bcl-2 family are known to be critical regulators of this process. These proteins are characterized by the presence of several conserved motifs termed Bcl-2 homology (BH) domains. A related protein termed MAP-1 has recently been identified. This protein contains a BH3-like domain and induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in mammalian cells when overexpressed. It forms homodimers and associates with Bcl-2 family members such as Bax, Bcl-2, and Bcl-XL in vitro and in vivo. It has been suggested that MAP-1 associates with the tumor suppressor RASSF1A following death receptor activation, allowing a conformational change in Bax that leads to cellular apoptosis.

Supplier: Prosci

CTRP6 Antibody: Adipose tissue of an organism plays a major role in regulating physiologic and pathologic processes such as metabolism and immunity by producing and secreting a variety of bioactive molecules termed adipokines. One highly conserved family of adipokines is adiponectin/ACRP30 and its structural and functional paralogs, the C1q/tumor necrosis factor-alpha-related proteins (CTRPs) 1-7. Unlike adiponectin, which is expressed exclusively by differentiated adipocytes, the CTRPs are expressed in a wide variety of tissues. These proteins are thought to act mainly on liver and muscle tissue to control glucose and lipid metabolism. An analysis of the crystal structure of adiponectin revealed a structural and evolutionary link between TNF and C1q-containing proteins, suggesting that these proteins arose from a common ancestral innate immunity gene. CTRP6 contains at least 4 glycosylation motifs, suggesting that CTRP6 may be highly post-translationally modified.

Supplier: Prosci

TRAF2 Antibody: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor associated factors (TRAFs) were initially discovered as adaptor proteins that link the TNF receptor superfamily to signaling pathways and are thus important regulators of cell death and cellular response to stress. TRAF proteins share a homology region that allows them to bind to cell receptors and other TRAF proteins, causing the activation of different signal cascades depending on the TRAFs involved. For example, TRAF2 and TRAF3 directly bind to the CD40, a TNF receptor superfamily member involved in inducing B cell immunity, and are critical for NF-kappa B activation in mouse B lymphocytes. TRAF2 along with TRAF6 has also been shown to be required for CD40 signaling in nonhemopoietic cells. TRAF2 also interacts with the TRFR superfamily member lymphotoxin-beta receptor (LTbetaR) in association with TRAF3 and the apoptosis inhibitors cIAP1 and Smac.

Supplier: Proteintech

CAMK2B(Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta ), also named as CAM2, CAMK2 and CAMKB, belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family and CaMK subfamily. It is a prominent kinase in the central nervous system that may function in long-term potentiation and neurotransmitter release. CAMK2B is a member of the NMDAR signaling complex in excitatory synapses, it may regulate NMDAR-dependent potentiation of the AMPAR and synaptic plasticity. It plays a distinct role in the induction of anergy in T lymphocytes, by differential regulation of IL10 and IL2 gene transcription suggesting MEF2A as a molecular target which can integrate different calcium signals. This protein has 8 isoforms produced by alternative splicing with the molecular weight between 50 kDa and 73 kDa.

Supplier: Prosci

Alpha-tubulin Antibody: Alpha-tubulin belongs to the tubulin superfamily, which is composed of six distinct families. Along with beta-tubulins, alpha-tubulins are the major components of microtubules. These microtubules are involved in a wide variety of cellular activities ranging from mitosis and transport events to cell movement and the maintenance of cell shape. Alpha- and beta-tubulin dimers are assembled to 13 protofilaments that form a microtubule of 22-nm diameter. Tyrosine ligase adds a C-terminal tyrosine to monomeric alpha-tubulin. Assembled microtubules can again be detyrosinated by a cytoskeleton-associated carboxypeptidase. Another post-translational modification of detyrosinated alpha-tubulin is C-terminal polyglutamylation, which is characteristic of microtubules in neuronal cells and the mitotic spindle. Like GAPDH and beta-Actin, this antibody makes an excellent loading control in immunoblots.

Supplier: Proteintech

Ubiquitin is most famous for its function in targeting proteins for degradation by the 26S proteasome, ubiquitin needs to be attached to a substrate in chains (polyubiquitylation) before being recognized by proteasome. Similarly, SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier) can be linked to substrates in chains (polysumoylation), SUMO modification has been implicated in many important cellular processes including the control of genome stability, signal transduction, targeting to and formation of nuclear compartments, cell cycle and meiosis. There are 4 confirmed SUMO isoforms in human, SUMO-1, SUMO-2, SUMO-3 and SUMO-4. SUMO-2 and SUMO-3 are nearly identical but are distinct from SUMO-1. SUMO2/3 conjugation was recently widely involved in neuroprotective activities. A substitution (M55V) of SUMO4 was strongly associated with the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) involving NF kappa B related mechanisms.

Supplier: Prosci

CCNT1 Antibody: Cyclins function as regulators of CDK kinases and exhibit distinct expression and degradation patterns which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event. The cyclin-T1 protein (CCNT1) belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle. CCNT1 tightly associates with CDK9 kinase, and was found to be a major subunit of the transcription elongation factor p-TEFb. The kinase complex containing CCNT1 and the elongation factor can interact with, and act as a cofactor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat protein, and was shown to be both necessary and sufficient for full activation of viral transcription. CCNT1 and its kinase partner were also found to be involved in the phosphorylation and regulation of the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest RNA polymerase II subunit.

Supplier: Prosci

Rkhd2 Antibody: Rkhd2, also known as MEX3C is a member of a novel family of four homologous human MEX3 proteins each containing two heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K homology (KH) domains and one carboxy-terminal RING finger module. MEX3 proteins, including Rkhd2, are phosphoproteins that bind RNA through their KH domains and shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm via the CRM1 export pathway. These proteins are a novel family of evolutionarily conserved RNA-binding proteins, differentially recruited to P bodies and potentially involved in post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. It has been suggested that genetic variations in Rkhd2 may be associated with susceptibility to essential hypertension type 8. Rkhd3 and Rkhd4, but not Rkhd2, co-localize with both the hDcp1a decapping factor and Argonaute (Ago) proteins in processing bodies (P bodies), recently characterized as centers of mRNA turnover.

Supplier: Prosci

BICD2 Antibody: BICD2 is the second human homolog discovered to the Drosophila Bicaudal-D protein that forms part of the cytoskeleton and mediates the correct sorting of mRNAs for oocyte- and axis-determining factors during oogenesis. Similar to the highly homologous protein BICD1, BICD2 can bind to dynein-dynactin complex, primarily through the dynamitin subunit of dynactin. The C-terminus of BICD2 targets the protein to the Golgi complex while the N-terminal domain of BICD2 co-immunoprecipitates with cytoplasmic dynein, suggesting BICD2 plays a role in the dynein-dynactin interaction on the surface of membranous organelles. Mice engineered to overexpress the BICD2 amino terminal domain in neurons developed amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-like features such as Golgi fragmentation, neurofilament swelling in proximal axons, etc., suggesting that impaired dynein/dynactin function may explain some of the pathological features observed in ALS patients.

Supplier: Prosci

EndoG Monoclonal Antibody: The fragmentation of nuclear DNA is a hallmark of apoptotic cell death. The activities of caspase and nuclease are involved in the DNA fragmentation. Caspase-activated deoxyribonuclease (CAD), also termed DNA fragmentation factor (DFF40), is one such nuclease, and is capable of inducing DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation after cleavage by caspase-3 of its inhibitor ICAD/DFF45. Caspase and CAD independent DNA fragmentation also exists. Recent studies demonstrated that another nuclease, endonuclease G (EndoG), is specifically activated by apoptotic stimuli and is able to induce nucleosomal fragmentation of DNA independently of caspase and DFF/CAD. EndoG is a mitochondrion-specific nuclease that translocates to the nucleus and cleaves chromatin DNA during apoptosis. The homologue of mammalian EndoG is the first mitochondrial protein identified to be involved in apoptosis in C. elegans. EndoG also cleaves DNA in vitro.

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

The CDKN2A locus gives rise to 2 distinct transcripts from different promoters. The transcripts have been designated p16(INK4A) and p14(ARF). This chromosomal region undergoes a number of inversions, translocations, heterozygous deletions, and homozygous deletions in a variety of malignant cell lines including those from glioma, non-small cell lung cancer, leukemia, and melanoma. Deletion of the region containing CDKN2A is found in more than half of all melanoma cell lines. Conversely, transfection of CDKN2A suppressed the growth of two independent mesothelioma cell lines, suggesting that inactivation of the CDKN2 gene is an essential step in the etiology of malignant mesotheliomas. CDKN2A induces a G1 cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the phosphorylation of the Rb protein by the cyclin-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6. CDKN2A is expressed as at least three distinct isoforms.

Supplier: Prosci

ARL15 Antibody: ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs) are highly conserved guanine nucleotide binding proteins that enhance the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of cholera toxin. ARFs are important in eukaryotic vesicular trafficking pathways and they play an essential role in the activation of phospholipase D (PC-PLD). ARL15 (ADP-ribosylation factor-like 15), is a member of the ARF family of the Ras superfamily of small GTPases that are known to be involved in multiple regulatory pathways altered in human carcinogenesis. Other members of this protein family include ARL11, thought to be a tumor suppressor and may play a role in the regulation of apoptosis, ARL2 which plays an important role in microtubule dynamics and cell cycle progression, and ARL4, which may play a role in neurogenesis during embryonic development. The gene encoding ARL15 maps to chromosome 5p15 in humans. At least three isoforms of ARL15 are known to exist.

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

Adipose tissue of an organism plays a major role in regulating physiologic and pathologic processes such as metabolism and immunity by producing and secreting a variety of bioactive molecules termed adipokines. One highly conserved family of adipokines is adiponectin/ACRP30 and its structural and functional paralogs, the C1q/tumor necrosis factor-alpha-related proteins (CTRPs) 1-7. Unlike adiponectin, which is expressed exclusively by differentiated adipocytes, the CTRPs are expressed in a wide variety of tissues. These proteins are thought to act mainly on liver and muscle tissue to control glucose and lipid metabolism. An analysis of the crystal structure of adiponectin revealed a structural and evolutionary link between TNF and C1q-containing proteins, suggesting that these proteins arose from a common ancestral innate immunity gene. CTRP6 contains at least 4 glycosylation motifs, suggesting that CTRP6 may be highly post-translationally modified.

Supplier: Prosci

Slitrk2 Antibody: SLIT and NTRK-like family 2 (Slitrk2) is a member a protein family consisting of six homologous transmembrane proteins (Slitrk1-6) that share two conserved leucine-rich repeat domains in the extracellular domain and have significant homology to Slit, a secreted axonal growth-controlling protein. These proteins are also homologous to trk neurotrophin receptors in their intracellular domains. Expression of Slitrk proteins is highly restricted to neural and brain tumor tissues, but varies within the family. For example, Slitrk2 is expressed primarily in neurons in the ventricular layer of the brain. Like every other Slitrk protein except Slitrk1, overexpression of Slitrk2 inhibited neurite outgrowth in cultured neurons. Deletion analysis indicated that the functional difference between Slitrk2 and Slitrk1 is within their intracellular domains. At least two isoforms of this protein are known to exist.

Supplier: Prosci

FGF4 Antibody: Fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4) is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family that possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities and play key roles in growth and survival of stem cells during embryogenesis, tissue regeneration, and carcinogenesis. FGF4 was identified by its strong oncogenic transforming activity and is a potent angiogenic factor, expressed in several highly vascularized tumors and also in adult mouse testis, intestine, and brain. Studies on the mouse homolog suggests a function in bone morphogenesis and limb development through the sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway. Furthermore, FGF4 regulates neural progenitor cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation. Recent studies show a growth-promoting role for FGF4 in human embryonic stem cells and a putative feedback inhibition mechanism by a novel FGF4 splice isoform that may serve to promote differentiation at a later stages of development.

Supplier: Prosci

ATG12 Antibody: Autophagy, the process of bulk degradation of cellular proteins through an autophagosomic-lysosomal pathway is important for normal growth control and may be defective in tumor cells. It is involved in the preservation of cellular nutrients under starvation conditions as well as the normal turnover of cytosolic components. This process is negatively regulated by TOR (Target of rapamycin) through phosphorylation of autophagy protein APG1. ATG12, another member of the autophagy protein family, forms a conjugate with ATG5; this conjugate has a ubiquitin-protein ligase (E3)-like activity for protein lipidation in autophagy. This conjugate also associates with innate immune response proteins such as RIG-I and VISA (also known as IPS-1), inhibiting type I interferon production and permitting viral replication in host cells. ATG12 has also been shown to interact with ATG10 in human embryonic kidney cells in the presence of ATG7. At least two isoforms of ATG12 are known to exist.