44268 Results for: "Bioss"

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Strongly chemotactic for naive (L-selectinhi) CD4 T-cells and for CD8 T-cells and weakly attractive for resting B-cells and memory (L-selectinlo) CD4 T-cells. May play a role in promoting encounters between recirculating T-cells and dendritic cells and in the migration of activated B-cells into the T-zone of secondary lymphoid tissues. Binds to chemokine receptor CCR7. Binds to atypical chemokine receptor ACKR4 and mediates the recruitment of beta-arrestin (ARRB1/2) to ACKR4.

Supplier: Bioss

Chemorepulsive axon guidance protein required for the development of spinal cord and forebrain commissures. Acts as a chemorepulsive guidance protein for commissural axons during development. Able to inhibit or repel neurite outgrowth from dorsal spinal cord. Inhibits the stabilization of cytosolic beta-catenin (CTNNB1) via its interaction with LRP6, thereby acting as an antagonist of Wnt signaling pathway.

Supplier: Bioss

Not known, though may play a role in tumor transformation or aspects of tumor progression.Tissue specificity: Expressed in many tumors of several types, such as melanoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, lung carcinoma and breast carcinoma, but not in normal tissues except for testes.

Supplier: Bioss

Low-affinity receptor for leukotrienes including leukotriene B4. Mediates chemotaxis of granulocytes and macrophages. The response is mediated via G-proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. The rank order of affinities for the leukotrienes is LTB4 >12-epi-LTB4 >LTB5 >LTB3.

Supplier: Bioss

Poly-ADP-ribosyltransferase involved in various processes such as Wnt signaling pathway, telomere length and vesicle trafficking. Acts as an activator of the Wnt signaling pathway by mediating poly-ADP-ribosylation (PARsylation) of AXIN1 and AXIN2, 2 key components of the beta-catenin destruction complex: poly-ADP-ribosylated target proteins are recognized by RNF146, which mediates their ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. Also mediates PARsylation of BLZF1 and CASC3, followed by recruitment of RNF146 and subsequent ubiquitination. Mediates PARsylation of TERF1, thereby contributing to the regulation of telomere length. Involved in centrosome maturation during prometaphase by mediating PARsylation of HEPACAM2/MIKI. May also regulate vesicle trafficking and modulate the subcellular distribution of SLC2A4/GLUT4-vesicles. May be involved in spindle pole assembly through PARsylation of NUMA1. Stimulates 26S proteasome activity.

Supplier: Bioss

Fibroblast growth factor-1 also designated basic FGF, are members of a family of growth factors that stimulate proliferation of cells of mesenchymal, epithe-lial and neuroectodermal origin. Additional members of the FGF family include the oncogenes FGF-3 (Int2) and FGF-4 (hst/Kaposi), FGF-5, FGF-6, FGF-7 (KGF), FGF-8 (AIGF), FGF-9 (GAF) and FGF-10–FGF-23. Members of the FGF family share 30-55% amino acid sequence identity and similar gene structure, and are capable of transforming cultured cells when overexpressed in transfected cells. Cellular receptors for FGFs are members of a second multigene family including four tyrosine kinases, designated Flg (FGFR-1), Bek (FGFR-L), TKF and FGFR-3.

Supplier: Bioss

Ran GTPase plays important roles in nucleocytoplasmic transport in interphase and in both spindle formation and nuclear envelope (NE) assembly during mitosis. The latter functions rely on the presence of high local concentrations of GTP bound Ran near mitotic chromatin. RanGTP localization has been proposed to result from the association of Ran's GDP/GTP exchange factor, RCC1, with chromatin , but Ran is shown here to bind directly to chromatin in two modes, either dependent or independent of RCC1, and, where bound, to increase the affinity of chromatin for NE membranes.

Supplier: Bioss

Transcription factor that is the main target of insulin signaling and regulates metabolic homeostasis in response to oxidative stress. Binds to the insulin response element (IRE) with consensus sequence 5'-TT[G/A]TTTTG-3' and the related Daf-16 family binding element (DBE) with consensus sequence 5'-TT[G/A]TTTAC-3'. Activity suppressed by insulin. Main regulator of redox balance and osteoblast numbers and controls bone mass. Orchestrates the endocrine function of the skeleton in regulating glucose metabolism. Acts synergistically with ATF4 to suppress osteocalcin/BGLAP activity, increasing glucose levels and triggering glucose intolerance and insulin insensitivity. Also suppresses the transcriptional activity of RUNX2, an upstream activator of osteocalcin/BGLAP. In hepatocytes, promotes gluconeogenesis by acting together with PPARGC1A and CEBPA to activate the expression of genes such as IGFBP1, G6PC and PCK1. Important regulator of cell death acting downstream of CDK1, PKB/AKT1 and SKT4/MST1. Promotes neural cell death. Mediates insulin action on adipose tissue. Regulates the expression of adipogenic genes such as PPARG during preadipocyte differentiation and, adipocyte size and adipose tissue-specific gene expression in response to excessive calorie intake. Regulates the transcriptional activity of GADD45A and repair of nitric oxide-damaged DNA in beta-cells. Required for the autophagic cell death induction in response to starvation or oxidative stress in a transcription-independent manner.

Supplier: Bioss

Zinc-finger proteins contain DNA-binding domains and have a wide variety of functions, most of which encompass some form of transcriptional activation or repression. The RING-type zinc finger motif is present in a number of viral and eukaryotic proteins and is made of a conserved cysteine-rich domain that is able to bind two zinc atoms. Proteins that contain this conserved domain are generally involved in the ubiquitination pathway of protein degradation. ZNRF1 (zinc and ring finger 1), also known as NIN283, is a 227 amino acid protein that contains one RING-type zinc finger and localizes to the lysosome and the endosome, as well as to cytoplasmic vesicles and the peripheral membrane. Expressed primarily in nervous system tissue, but also present in testis and thymus, ZNRF1 functions as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is thought to play a role in the establishment and maintenance of neuronal plasticity. Multiple isoforms of ZNRF1 exist due to alternative splicing events.

Supplier: Bioss

Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF9. Induces the proliferation of activated peripheral blood T-cells. May have a role in activation-induced cell death (AICD). May play a role in cognate interactions between T-cells and B-cells/macrophages.

Supplier: Bioss

Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells.

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The regulated oscillation of protein expression is an essential mechanism of cell cycle control. The SCF class of E3 ubiquitin ligases is involved in this process by targeting cell cycle regulatory proteins for degradation by the proteasome, with the F-box subunit of the SCF specifically recruiting a given substrate to the SCF core. NIPA (nuclear interaction partner of ALK) is a human F-box-containing protein that defines an SCF-type E3 ligase (SCFNIPA) controlling mitotic entry. Assembly of this SCF complex is regulated by cell-cycle-dependent phosphorylation of NIPA, which restricts substrate ubiquitination activity to interphase. Nuclear cyclin B1 is a substrate of SCFNIPA. Inactivation of NIPA by RNAi results in nuclear accumulation of cyclin B1 in interphase, activation of cyclin B1-Cdk1 kinase activity, and premature mitotic entry. Thus, SCFNIPA-based ubiquitination may regulate S-phase completion and mitotic entry in the mammalian cell cycle.

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The protein encoded by this gene is a small GTPase of the Rho-subfamily, which regulates signaling pathways that control diverse cellular functions including cell morphology, migration, endocytosis and cell cycle progression. This protein is highly similar to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc 42, and is able to complement the yeast cdc42-1 mutant. The product of oncogene Dbl was reported to specifically catalyze the dissociation of GDP from this protein. This protein could regulate actin polymerization through its direct binding to Neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP), which subsequently activates Arp2/3 complex. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. Pseudogenes of this gene have been identified on chromosomes 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 and 20. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2013].

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HDAC7 is a member of the class II mammalian histone deacetylases, which plays an important role in modulating the eukaryotic chromatin structure. Human HDAC7 is composed of 912 amino acid residues. Although HDAC7 is localized mostly to the cell nucleus, it is also found in the cytoplasm, suggesting nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling. The histone deacetylase activity of HDAC7 maps to a carboxy-terminal domain and is dependent on interaction with class I HDACs in the nucleus. It is an active component of different transcriptional corepressor complexes that can be recruited to specific promoter regions via interactions with a growing number of sequence specific transcriptional factors. HDAC7 catalyzes removal of acetyl-groups from acetyl-lysines of histones and promotes compaction of chromatin in these regions, leading to the inhibition of gene transcription.

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The cell division control protein cdc2, also known as cyclin dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) or p34/cdk1, plays a key role in the control of the eukaryotic cell cycle, where it is required for entry into S phase and mitosis. Cdc2 exists as a complex with both cyclin A and cyclin B. The best characterized of these associations is the Cdc2 p34 cyclin B complex, which is required for the G2 to M phase transition. Activation of Cdc2 is controlled at several steps including cyclin binding and phosphorylation of threonine 161. However, the critical regulatory step in activating cdc2 during progression into mitosis appears to be dephosphorylation of Tyr15 and Tyr14. Phosphorylation at Tyr15 and inhibition of Cdc2 is carried out by WEE1 and MIK protein kinases while Tyr15 dephosphorylation and activation of Cdc2 is carried out by the cdc25 phosphatase. The isoform CDC2deltaT is found in breast cancer tissues. Furthermore, cdc2/Cdk1 is a key mediator of neuronal cell death in brain development and degeneration.

Supplier: Bioss

This gene encodes a protein which is a member of the cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase) family. Sequential activation of caspases plays a central role in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis. Caspases exist as inactive proenzymes which undergo proteolytic processing at conserved aspartic residues to produce two subunits, large and small, that dimerize to form the active enzyme. The precursor of this caspase is cleaved by caspase3 and 10. It is activated upon cell death stimuli and induces apoptosis. Alternative splicing results in four transcript variants, encoding three distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq].The antibody should recognize both pro-form and p20 cleaved-form. The antibody does not cross-react with other Caspase family members.

Supplier: Bioss

Breaks in double stranded DNA often arise during DNA replication or as a result of exposure to DNA-damaging agents. Quick and accurate repair of these breaks is crucial for cell survival and genomic stability. Structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) family members form heterodimeric complexes that modulate sister chromatid cohesion and chromosome condensation during mitosis. SMC5 and SMC6 play a crucial role in DNA repair as they form a complex with six conserved nonSMC subunits, including a ubiquitin E3 ligase NSE1 and a SUMO ligase NSE2. Specifically, this complex is crucial for sister chromatid homologous recombination DNA repair and also for prevention of chromosomal rearrangements. The NSE1 protein contains a RING-like motif that promotes DNA repair functions of the SMC5/SMC6 complex and full deletion of NSE1 is lethal to cells. NSE2 stimulates sumoylation of SMC6 and the DNA repair protein TRAX. Depletion of the NSE2 protein by RNA interference leaves the cell vulnerable to DNA damage-induced apoptosis.

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This gene encodes a member of the NCK family of adaptor proteins. The protein contains three SH3 domains and one SH2 domain. The protein has no known catalytic function but has been shown to bind and recruit various proteins involved in the regulation of receptor protein tyrosine kinases. It is through these regulatory activities that this protein is believed to be involved in cytoskeletal reorganization. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq].

Supplier: Bioss

Sequence-specific transcription factor which is part of a developmental regulatory system that provides cells with specific positional identities on the anterior-posterior axis.

Supplier: Bioss

Mouse protein 25 alpha (MO25 alpha, CAB39) is a 40-kDa protein that, together with the STE20-related adaptor-alpha (STRAD alpha) pseudo kinase, forms a regulatory complex capable of stimulating the activity of the LKB1 tumor suppressor protein kinase. The latter is mutated in the inherited Peutz-Jeghers cancer syndrome (PJS). CAB39 binds directly to a conserved Trp-Glu-Phe sequence at the STRAD alpha C terminus, markedly enhancing binding of STRAD alpha to LKB1 and increasing LKB1 catalytic activity. Skeletal muscle contraction results in the phosphorylation and activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) by an upstream kinase (AMPKK). The LKB1-STE-related adaptor (STRAD)-mouse protein 25 (MO25) complex is the major AMPKK in skeletal muscle; however, LKB1-STRAD-MO25 activity is not increased by muscle contraction. This relationship suggests that phosphorylation of AMPK by LKB1-STRAD-MO25 during skeletal muscle contraction may be regulated by allosteric mechanisms.

Supplier: Bioss

Reversibly catalyzes the transfer of phosphate between ATP and various phosphogens (e.g. creatine phosphate). Creatine kinase isoenzymes play a central role in energy transduction in tissues with large, fluctuating energy demands, such as skeletal muscle, heart, brain and spermatozoa.

Supplier: Bioss

Tyrosine protein phosphatase which functions as a dosage-dependent inducer of mitotic progression. Required for G2/M phases of the cell cycle progression and abscission during cytokinesis in a ECT2-dependent manner. Directly dephosphorylates CDK1 and stimulates its kinase activity. The three isoforms seem to have a different level of activity.

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The ENTHD1 gene is conserved in chimpanzee, dog, cow, mouse and rat, and maps to human chromosome 22q13.1. Chromosome 22 contains over 500 genes and about 49 million bases. Being the second smallest human chromosome, 22 contains a surprising variety of interesting genes. Phelan-McDermid syndrome, Neurofibromatosis type 2 and autism are associated with chromosome 22. A schizophrenia susceptibility locus has been identified on chromosome 22 and studies show that 22q11 deletion symptoms include a high incidence of schizophrenia. Translocations between chromosomes 9 and 22 may lead to the formation of the Philadelphia Chromosome and the subsequent production of the novel fusion protein, BCR-Abl, a potent cell proliferation activator found in several types of leukemia.

Supplier: Bioss

ZNF420 contains 19 C2H2-type zinc fingers and 1 KRAB domain. It may be involved in transcriptional regulation. It is a negative regulator of p53-mediated apoptosis.

Supplier: Bioss

Transcriptional coactivator of the p300/CBP-mediated trancription complex. Acts as a bridge, linking TFAP2 transcription factors and the p300/CBP transcriptional coactivator complex in order to stimulate TFAP2-mediated transcriptional activation. Positively regulates TGF-beta signaling through its association with the SMAD/p300/CBP-mediated transcriptional coactivator complex. Stimulates the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors PPARA transcriptional activity. Enhances estrogen-dependent transactivation mediated by estrogen receptors. Acts also as a transcriptional corepressor; interferes with the binding of the transcription factors HIF1A or STAT2 and the p300/CBP transcriptional coactivator complex. Participates in sex determination and early gonad development by stimulating transcription activation of SRY. Plays a role in controlling left-right patterning during embryogenesis; potentiates transcriptional activation of NODAL-mediated gene transcription in the left lateral plate mesoderm (LPM). Plays an essential role in differentiation of the adrenal cortex from the adrenogonadal primordium (AGP); stimulates WT1-mediated transcription activation thereby up-regulating the nuclear hormone receptor NR5A1 promoter activity. Associates with chromatin to the PITX2 P1 promoter region.

Supplier: Bioss

The multiprotein exon junction complex (EJC) is deposited on mRNAs upstream of exon–exon junctions as a consequence of pre-mRNA splicing. In mammalian cells, this complex serves as a key modulator of spliced mRNA metabolism. MLN51 is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein that is overexpressed in breast cancer. The function of MLN51 in mammals remains elusive. Its fly homolog, named barentsz, as well as the proteins mago nashi and tsunagi have been shown to be required for proper oskar mRNA localization to the posterior pole of the oocyte. Magoh and Y14, the human homologs of mago nashi and tsunagi, are core components of the exon junction complex (EJC). The EJC is assembled on spliced mRNAs and plays important roles in post-splicing events including mRNA export, nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, and translation. Human MLN51 is an RNA-binding protein present in ribonucleo-protein complexes.

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Component of the CENPA-NAC (nucleosome-associated) complex, a complex that plays a central role in assembly of kinetochore proteins, mitotic progression and chromosome segregation. The CENPA-NAC complex recruits the CENPA-CAD (nucleosome distal) complex and may be involved in incorporation of newly synthesized CENPA into centromeres. CENP-T is one of the basic inner kinetochore proteins with most further proteins binding downstream, suggesting a fundamental role of CENP-T in kinetochore function.

Supplier: Bioss

Acts together with cubilin to mediate HDL endocytosis (By similarity). May participate in regulation of parathyroid-hormone and para-thyroid-hormone-related protein release.

Supplier: Bioss

Plays a role as a modulator of TGF-beta-signaling by restricting substrate specificity of RNF111. Involved in autophagy. Regulates early events but also late events of autophagosome formation through direct interaction with Atg16L1. Required for the formation of the autophagosome-like double-membrane structure that surrounds the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV) duting S.typhimurium infection and subsequent xenophagy. Autophagy positively regulates repair of DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation and negatively regulates apoptosis. Plays an indispensible role in fetal hematopoiesis and in the regulation of neuronal homeostasis (By similarity). Implicated in the regulation of RB1 expression. Functions as a DNA-binding transcription factor. Is a potent regulator of the RB1 pathway and a mediator that plays a crucial role in muscular differentiation. Expression is, thus, a prerequisite for myogenic differentiation. Inhibits PTK2/FAK1 and PTK2B/PYK2 activity and activation of downstream signaling pathways.

Supplier: Bioss

PCK1 is a main control point for the regulation of gluconeogenesis. This cytosolic enzyme, along with GTP, catalyzes the formation of phosphoenolpyruvate from oxaloacetate, with the release of carbon dioxide and GDP. The expression of the corresponding gene can be regulated by insulin, glucocorticoids, glucagon, cAMP, and diet. A mitochondrial isozyme has also been characterized.