44151 Results for: "Bioss"

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Encapsidates the negative strand viral RNA, protecting it from nucleases. The encapsidated genomic RNA is termed the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) and serves as template for transcription and replication. The RNP needs to be localized in the nucleus to start an infectious cycle, but is too large to diffuse through the nuclear pore complex. NP comprises at least 2 nuclear localization signals and is responsible of the active RNP import into the nucleus through the cellular importin alpha/beta pathway. Later in the infection, nucleus export of RNP are mediated through viral proteins NEP interacting with M1 which binds nucleoproteins. It is possible that the nucleoprotein binds directly exportin-1 (XPO1) and plays an active role in RNP nuclear export. M1 interaction with RNP seems to hide nucleoprotein's nuclear localization signals. Soon after a virion infects a new cell, M1 dissociates from the RNP under acidification of the virion driven by M2 protein. Dissociation of M1 from RNP unmask nucleoprotein's nuclear localization signals, targeting the RNP to the nucleus.

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HIV1 performs highly complex orchestrated tasks during the assembly, budding, maturation and infection stages of the viral replication cycle. During viral assembly, the proteins form membrane associations and self-associations that ultimately result in budding of an immature virion from the infected cell. Gag precursors also function during viral assembly to selectively bind and package two plus strands of genomic RNA. p55 is digested by HIV1 protease into intermediate products p41 and p15. p41 is further digested into matrix protein p17 and capsid protein p24. Likewise, p15 is further digested into nucleocapsid protein p7 and to p6 and p1.

Supplier: Bioss

Apoptosis-inducing protein that, which can overcome BCL2 suppression. May play a role in repartitioning calcium between the two major intracellular calcium stores in association with BCL2.

Supplier: Bioss

Inhibits cell growth by regulating the TOR signaling pathway upstream of the TSC1-TSC2 complex and downstream of AKT1. Promotes neuronal cell death.

Supplier: Bioss

Rabphilin-3AL (rabphilin-3A-like), also known as RPH3AL or NOC2, is a cytoplasmic Rab GTPase effector. It contains one FYVE-type zinc finger and one Rab-binding (RBD) domain, but unlike its related protein, rabphilin-3A, rabphilin-3AL does not contain any C2 domains. Rabphilin-3AL is expressed in a variety of tissues, with highest levels found in kidney, skeletal muscle, pancreas, liver, ovary, stomach, heart and thyroid. It is believed to play a role regulating calcium-dependent secretory vesicle exocytosis in endocrine and exocrine cells. Via its RBD domain, rabphilin-3AL is capable of binding Rab 27a and, through this interaction, rabphilin-3AL is recruited to dense-core vesicles. With lower affinity, rabphilin-3AL can also bind Rab 3 and Rab 8 with its RBD domain. Through an interaction with Rab 3, rabphilin-3AL can inhibit G-protein signaling in endocrine pancreas and positively regulate insulin secretion. Rabphilin-3AL knockout mice display accumulation of secretory granules and irregular shape in exocrine cells.

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Twist2 (Twist homolog 2) is a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor which acts as a transcriptional repressor. It binds to the E-box consensus sequence 5'-CANNTG-3' and inhibits transcriptional activation by MYOD1, MYOG, MEF2A and MEF2C. Efficient DNA binding requires dimerization with another bHLH protein. Twist2 inhibits the premature or ectopic differentiation of preosteoblast cells during osteogenesis.

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This gene, a muscle member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily, encodes myosin light chain kinase which is a calcium/calmodulin dependent enzyme. This kinase phosphorylates myosin regulatory light chains to facilitate myosin interaction with actin filaments to produce contractile activity. This gene encodes both smooth muscle and nonmuscle isoforms. In addition, using a separate promoter in an intron in the 3' region, it encodes telokin, a small protein identical in sequence to the C-terminus of myosin light chain kinase, that is independently expressed in smooth muscle and functions to stabilize unphosphorylated myosin filaments. A pseudogene is located on the p arm of chromosome 3. Four transcript variants that produce four isoforms of the calcium/calmodulin dependent enzyme have been identified as well as two transcripts that produce two isoforms of telokin. Additional variants have been identified but lack full length transcripts. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Supplier: Bioss

Plays a stimulatory role on natural killer (NK) cells cytotoxicity. Activation by cross-linking of the receptor induces Ca(2+) mobilization and interferon-gamma production.

Supplier: Bioss

Adducins are a family of cytoskeleton proteins encoded by three genes (alpha, beta and gamma). Adducin is a protein associated with the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane and is one of the proteins localized at the spectrin-Actin junction of the membrane skeleton. The cortical Actin cytoskeletal network is lost during apoptosis and Adducins are central in the cortical Actin network organization. Adducin alpha is a cytoskeletal protein involved with sodium-pump activity in the renal tubule and is associated with hypertension. The expression of Adducin alpha and Adducin gamma is ubiquitous in contrast to the restricted expression of Adducin beta . Adducin beta is expressed at high levels in brain and hematopoietic tissues, such as bone marrow in humans and spleen in mice.

Supplier: Bioss

Adducins are a family of cytoskeleton proteins encoded by three genes (alpha, beta and gamma). Adducin is a protein associated with the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane and is one of the proteins localized at the spectrin-Actin junction of the membrane skeleton. The cortical Actin cytoskeletal network is lost during apoptosis and Adducins are central in the cortical Actin network organization. Adducin alpha is a cytoskeletal protein involved with sodium-pump activity in the renal tubule and is associated with hypertension. The expression of Adducin alpha and Adducin gamma is ubiquitous in contrast to the restricted expression of Adducin beta . Adducin beta is expressed at high levels in brain and hematopoietic tissues, such as bone marrow in humans and spleen in mice.

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Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is a member of the herpesvirus family and one of the most common human viruses. Most people become infected with EBV during their lives. Primary infections usually results in infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever) but the virus can also lay dormant in B lymphocytes and when reactivated become associated with more serious disease such as Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Hodgkin's disease. EBV latently infects B lymphocytes. Infected B cells express EBV nuclear antigens and latent proteins LMP1, LMP2A and LMP2B. LMP2A forms aggregates in the plasma membranes of B lymphocytes, where it functions as a negative regulator of the Src and Syk protein tyrosine kinases. Studies show that LMP2A blocks B-cell receptor (BCR) signal transduction in EBV immortalized B cells in vitro and may play an important role in maintaining a latent EBV infection within the peripheral blood B cells of infected individuals.

Supplier: Bioss

Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is a member of the herpesvirus family and one of the most common human viruses. Most people become infected with EBV during their lives. Primary infections usually results in infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever) but the virus can also lay dormant in B lymphocytes and when reactivated become associated with more serious disease such as Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Hodgkin's disease. EBV latently infects B lymphocytes. Infected B cells express EBV nuclear antigens and latent proteins LMP1, LMP2A and LMP2B. LMP2A forms aggregates in the plasma membranes of B lymphocytes, where it functions as a negative regulator of the Src and Syk protein tyrosine kinases. Studies show that LMP2A blocks B-cell receptor (BCR) signal transduction in EBV immortalized B cells in vitro and may play an important role in maintaining a latent EBV infection within the peripheral blood B cells of infected individuals.

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Control of cell signaling via SHP-1 is thought to occur through a balance between PILRalpha-mediated inhibition and PILRbeta-mediated activation. These paired immunoglobulin-like receptor genes are located in a tandem head-to-tail orientation on chromosome 7. PILRB is the non-ITIM-bearing member of the receptor pair, which has a truncated cytoplasmic tail relative to its ITIM-bearing partner and functions in the activating role. There are three named isoforms produced by alternative splicing.

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Gross cystic disease is a common premenopausal disorder in which gross cysts are the predominant pathologic lesion. It is characterized by production of a fluid secretion which accumulates in the breast cysts. Gross cystic disease fluid is a pathologic secretion from breast composed of several glycoproteins, including a unique 15 kDa monomer protein, GCDFP 15. The cells within the body that produce GCDFP 15 appear to be restricted primarily to those with apocrine function. Studies have found GCDFP 15 to be a highly specific and sensitive marker for breast cancer.

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Involved in diverse cellular processes such as ribosome biogenesis, centrosome duplication, protein chaperoning, histone assembly, cell proliferation, and regulation of tumor suppressors p53/TP53 and ARF. Binds ribosome presumably to drive ribosome nuclear export. Associated with nucleolar ribonucleoprotein structures and bind single-stranded nucleic acids. Acts as a chaperonin for the core histones H3, H2B and H4. Stimulates APEX1 endonuclease activity on apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) double-stranded DNA but inhibits APEX1 endonuclease activity on AP single-stranded RNA. May exert a control of APEX1 endonuclease activity within nucleoli devoted to repair AP on rDNA and the removal of oxidized rRNA molecules. In concert with BRCA2, regulates centrosome duplication. Regulates centriole duplication: phosphorylation by PLK2 is able to trigger centriole replication. Negatively regulates the activation of EIF2AK2/PKR and suppresses apoptosis through inhibition of EIF2AK2/PKR autophosphorylation.

Supplier: Bioss

May mediate the release of newly synthesized prostaglandins from cells, the transepithelial transport of prostaglandins, and the clearance of prostaglandins from the circulation. Transports PGD2, as well as PGE1, PGE2 and PGF2A.

Supplier: Bioss

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the neurotrophin family, that controls survival and differentiation of mammalian neurons. This protein is closely related to both nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. It may be involved in the maintenance of the adult nervous system, and may affect development of neurons in the embryo when it is expressed in human placenta. NTF3-deficient mice generated by gene targeting display severe movement defects of the limbs. The mature peptide of this protein is identical in all mammals examined including human, pig, rat and mouse. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].

Supplier: Bioss

Binds heavy metals. Contains three zinc and three copper atoms per polypeptide chain and only a negligible amount of cadmium. Inhibits survival and neurite formation of cortical neurons in vitro.

Supplier: Bioss

Polymerase that creates the 3'-poly(A) tail of mRNA's. Also required for the endoribonucleolytic cleavage reaction at some polyadenylation sites. May acquire specificity through interaction with a cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) at its C-terminus.

Supplier: Bioss

Polymerase that creates the 3'-poly(A) tail of mRNA's. Also required for the endoribonucleolytic cleavage reaction at some polyadenylation sites. May acquire specificity through interaction with a cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) at its C-terminus.

Supplier: Bioss

Polymerase that creates the 3'-poly(A) tail of mRNA's. Also required for the endoribonucleolytic cleavage reaction at some polyadenylation sites. May acquire specificity through interaction with a cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) at its C-terminus.

Supplier: Bioss

HCV is a positive, single-stranded RNA virus in the Flaviviridae family. The genome is approximately 10,000 nucleotides and encodes a single polyprotein of about 3,000 amino acids. The polyprotein is processed by host cell and viral proteases into three major structural proteins and several non-structural protein necessary for viral replication. Several different genotypes of HCV with slightly different genomic sequences have since been identified that correlate with differences in response to treatment with interferon alpha.

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The heat shock proteins (HSPs) comprise a group of highly conserved, abundantly expressed proteins with diverse functions, including the assembly and sequestering of multi-protein complexes, transportation of nascent polypeptide chains across cellular membranes and regulation of protein folding. HSPB2 (heat shock 27 kDa protein 2), also known as HSP 27 or MKBP, is a 182 amino acid protein that belongs to the heat shock protein family and is expressed preferentially in heart and skeletal muscle. Localized to mitochondria, HSPB2 functions as an ATP-dependent chaperone protein that plays a role in the refolding of denatured proteins and may also interact with the Actin cytoskeleton and prevent apoptotic cell death. HSPB2 is abundantly expressed in several cancer cell lines, suggesting that HSPB2 may be an important factor in tumor transformation and metastasis.

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Endothelial sialomucin, also called endomucin or mucin-like sialoglycoprotein, which interferes with the assembly of focal adhesion complexes and inhibits interaction between cells and the extracellular matrix.

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MaxiK channels are large conductance, voltage and calcium-sensitive potassium channels which are fundamental to the control of smooth muscle tone and neuronal excitability. MaxiK channels can be formed by 2 subunits: the pore-forming alpha subunit, which is the product of this gene, and the modulatory beta subunit. Intracellular calcium regulates the physical association between the alpha and beta subunits. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].

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Plays a role in tight junctions and adherens junctions.

Supplier: Bioss

p130 is related both in structure and function to the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein and p107 (collectively known as pocket proteins) and is known to regulate the activity of E2F transcription factors. E2F transcription factors regulate the expression of a number of genes important in cell proliferation, particularly those involved in the progression through G1 and into the S phase of the cell cycle. Binding of p130 converts E2F transcription factors from transcriptional activators to transcriptional repressors.

Supplier: Bioss

p130 is related both in structure and function to the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein and p107 (collectively known as pocket proteins) and is known to regulate the activity of E2F transcription factors. E2F transcription factors regulate the expression of a number of genes important in cell proliferation, particularly those involved in the progression through G1 and into the S phase of the cell cycle. Binding of p130 converts E2F transcription factors from transcriptional activators to transcriptional repressors.

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Defects in G6PD are the cause of chronic non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia (CNSHA) . Deficiency of G6PD is associated with hemolytic anemia in two different situations. First, in areas in which malaria has been endemic, G6PD-deficiency alleles have reached high frequencies (1% to 50%) and deficient individuals, though essentially asymptomatic in the steady state, have a high risk of acute hemolytic attacks. Secondly, sporadic cases of G6PD deficiency occur at a very low frequencies, and they usually present a more severe phenotype. Several types of CNSHA are recognized. Class-I variants are associated with severe NSHA; class-II have an activity <10% of normal; class-III have an activity of 10% to 60% of normal; class-IV have near normal activity.

Supplier: Bioss

HIV1 performs highly complex orchestrated tasks during the assembly, budding, maturation and infection stages of the viral replication cycle. During viral assembly, the proteins form membrane associations and self-associations that ultimately result in budding of an immature virion from the infected cell. Gag precursors also function during viral assembly to selectively bind and package two plus strands of genomic RNA. HIV1 Gag p17, the HIV1 matrix protein is produced by the digestion of its precursor Gag p55 by HIV1 protease.