2306 Results for: "small 200"

Supplier: Bioss

Plays a crucial role in coupling NGF stimulation to the activation of both EPHB2 and MAPK14 signaling pathways and in NGF-dependent neuronal differentiation.Neuronal activity dramatically increases the concentration of cytosolic Ca2+, which then serves as a second messenger to direct diverse cellular responses. Calmodulin is a primary mediator of Ca2+ signals in the nervous system. Ric, a protein related to the Ras subfamily of small GTPases, has the ability to bind calmodulin. In addition, two Ras-like human proteins, Rin and Rit (Ric-related gene expressed in many tissues), which are 71% and 66% identical to RIC respectively, share related G2 domains with Ric. While most members of the Ras subfamily are plasma membrane-associated and generally require a C-terminal isoprenyl group to bind to the plasma membrane, Rit and Rin lack the recognition signal for C-terminal prenylation. Transiently expressed Rit and Rin are plasma membrane-localized because both proteins contain a C-terminal cluster of basic amino acids, which provides a mechanism for membrane association. Rin binds calmodulin through a C-terminal binding motif. Rit and Ric are widely expressed, whereas expression of Rin is restricted to the neuron system. In conclusion, Rit and Rin define a novel subfamily of Ras-related proteins

Supplier: Bioss

RNA-binding protein implicated in numerous RNA metabolic processes. Catalyzes the phosphorolysis of single-stranded polyribonucleotides processively in the 3'-to-5' direction. Mitochondrial intermembrane factor with RNA-processing exoribonulease activity. Component of the mitochondrial degradosome (mtEXO) complex, that degrades 3' overhang double-stranded RNA with a 3'-to-5' directionality in an ATP-dependent manner. Required for correct processing and polyadenylation of mitochondrial mRNAs. Plays a role as a cytoplasmic RNA import factor that mediates the translocation of small RNA components, like the 5S RNA, the RNA subunit of ribonuclease P and the mitochondrial RNA-processing (MRP) RNA, into the mitochondrial matrix. Plays a role in mitochondrial morphogenesis and respiration; regulates the expression of the electron transport chain (ETC) components at the mRNA and protein levels. In the cytoplasm, shows a 3'-to-5' exoribonuclease mediating mRNA degradation activity; degrades c-myc mRNA upon treatment with IFNB1/IFN-beta, resulting in a growth arrest in melanoma cells. Regulates the stability of specific mature miRNAs in melanoma cells; specifically and selectively degrades miR-221, preferentially. Plays also a role in RNA cell surveillance by cleaning up oxidized RNAs. Binds to the RNA subunit of ribonuclease P, MRP RNA and miR-221 microRNA.

Supplier: Bioss

The protein encoded by this gene is a dual specificity protein kinase that belongs to the MAP kinase kinase family. This kinase specifically activates MAPK8/JNK1 and MAPK9/JNK2, and this kinase itself is phosphorylated and activated by MAP kinase kinase kinases including MAP3K1/MEKK1, MAP3K2/MEKK2,MAP3K3/MEKK5, and MAP4K2/GCK. This kinase is involved in the signal transduction mediating the cell responses to proinflammatory cytokines, and environmental stresses. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found, but only one transcript variant has been supported and defined. [provided by RefSeq].Hsp27, also referred to as the Estrogen regulated 24K protein and HSP28, is one of several small heat shock proteins (HSP) produced by all organisms studied. Hsp27 synthesis is induced by elevated temperature, as well as estrogen in hormone responsive cells. This protein is involved in stress resistance and actin organization. Interestingly, human HSP27 also shares greater than 50% homology with low molecular weight Drosophila HSP's and mammalian a-crystalline lens protein. Because of the estrogen responsive nature of Hsp27, this protein has been studied extensively in human estrogen responsive tissues such as cervix, endometrium and breast tissue. This work has led to the suggestion that Hsp27 may be a useful marker in classifying various hormone sensitive tumors.

Supplier: Bioss

This gene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase, which belongs to the insulin receptor superfamily. This protein comprises an extracellular domain, an hydrophobic stretch corresponding to a single pass transmembrane region, and an intracellular kinase domain. It plays an important role in the development of the brain and exerts its effects on specific neurons in the nervous system. This gene has been found to be rearranged, mutated, or amplified in a series of tumours including anaplastic large cell lymphomas, neuroblastoma, and non-small cell lung cancer. The chromosomal rearrangements are the most common genetic alterations in this gene, which result in creation of multiple fusion genes in tumourigenesis, including ALK (chromosome 2)/EML4 (chromosome 2), ALK/RANBP2 (chromosome 2), ALK/ATIC (chromosome 2), ALK/TFG (chromosome 3), ALK/NPM1 (chromosome 5), ALK/SQSTM1 (chromosome 5), LK/KIF5B (chromosome 10), ALK/CLTC (chromosome 17), ALK/TPM4 (chromosome 19), and ALK/MSN (chromosome X).[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011].

Supplier: Bioss

Involved in vesicular transport in the osteoclast (By similarity). May have a role in sialyl-lex-mediated transduction of apoptotic signals.Tissue specificity: Expressed in placenta, liver, prostate, thymus, spleen, ovary, colon, colon carcinoma and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Weakly expressed in brain, lung, kidney, and testis. No expression in heart, skeletal muscle, pancreas and small intestine. Predominantly expressed in the breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7.Involvement in disease:Defects in PLEKHM1 are the cause of osteopetrosis autosomal recessive type 6 (OPTB6); also known as autosomal recessive osteopetrosis intermediate form. Osteopetrosis is a rare genetic disease characterized by abnormally dense bone, due to defective resorption of immature bone. The disorder occurs in two forms: a severe autosomal recessive form occurring in utero, infancy, or childhood, and a benign autosomal dominant form occurring in adolescence or adulthood. Autosomal recessive osteopetrosis is usually associated with normal or elevated amount of non-functional osteoclasts.

Supplier: Bioss

Involved in vesicular transport in the osteoclast (By similarity). May have a role in sialyl-lex-mediated transduction of apoptotic signals.Tissue specificity: Expressed in placenta, liver, prostate, thymus, spleen, ovary, colon, colon carcinoma and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Weakly expressed in brain, lung, kidney, and testis. No expression in heart, skeletal muscle, pancreas and small intestine. Predominantly expressed in the breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7.Involvement in disease:Defects in PLEKHM1 are the cause of osteopetrosis autosomal recessive type 6 (OPTB6); also known as autosomal recessive osteopetrosis intermediate form. Osteopetrosis is a rare genetic disease characterized by abnormally dense bone, due to defective resorption of immature bone. The disorder occurs in two forms: a severe autosomal recessive form occurring in utero, infancy, or childhood, and a benign autosomal dominant form occurring in adolescence or adulthood. Autosomal recessive osteopetrosis is usually associated with normal or elevated amount of non-functional osteoclasts.

Supplier: Bioss

Involved in vesicular transport in the osteoclast (By similarity). May have a role in sialyl-lex-mediated transduction of apoptotic signals.Tissue specificity: Expressed in placenta, liver, prostate, thymus, spleen, ovary, colon, colon carcinoma and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Weakly expressed in brain, lung, kidney, and testis. No expression in heart, skeletal muscle, pancreas and small intestine. Predominantly expressed in the breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7.Involvement in disease:Defects in PLEKHM1 are the cause of osteopetrosis autosomal recessive type 6 (OPTB6); also known as autosomal recessive osteopetrosis intermediate form. Osteopetrosis is a rare genetic disease characterized by abnormally dense bone, due to defective resorption of immature bone. The disorder occurs in two forms: a severe autosomal recessive form occurring in utero, infancy, or childhood, and a benign autosomal dominant form occurring in adolescence or adulthood. Autosomal recessive osteopetrosis is usually associated with normal or elevated amount of non-functional osteoclasts.

Supplier: Bioss

MST1R/Ron, a HGF Receptor/MET-type protein kinase, mediates the biological activities of macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP), a multifunctional cytokine that regulates cell adhesion, motility, growth, and survival. The protein is a membrane-spanning, disulfide-linked heterodimer, which results from cleavage of a glycosylated precursor into 35-kD (alpha) and 150-kD (beta) subunits. Ligand binding results in tyrosine phosphorylation of the beta chain. In knockout studies, MST1R/RON (-/-) mice failed to survive past the periimplantation period. The MST1R/RON gene has been mapped to 3p21, a region of frequent deletion or mutation in small cell lung and renal carcinoma, and has been implicated in the progression of several epithelial cancers. Ron expression has been documented in many normal human tissues. ESTs have been isolated from several tissue libraries, including normal colon, mouth, prostate, and testis and cancerous colon, prostate, stomach, and uterus.

Supplier: Bioss

Glutamate receptors mediate most excitatory neurotransmission in the brain and play an important role in neural plasticity, neural development and neurodegeneration. Ionotropic glutamate receptors are categorized into NMDA receptors and kainate/AMPA receptors, both of which contain glutamate-gated, cation-specific ion channels. Synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDA receptors have been shown to have opposite effects on neuronal survival, CREB function and gene regulation. Gcom1 (GRINL1A complex locus protein 1), also known as GUP (GRINL1A upstream protein) and Gcom (GRINL1A combined protein), is a 466 amino acid protein that is a component of the GRINL1A complex transcription unit, which is thought to be involved in the modulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission through interaction with the NR1 subunit of the NMDA receptor. Gcom1 is expressed in small intestine, lung, liver, heart, skeletal muscle, testis and prostate and also colocalizes with NR1 in cortical and hippocampal neurons. There are eleven isoforms of Gcom1 that are produced as a result of alternative splicing events.

Supplier: Bioss

Putative nuclease involved in innate immune response by acting as a negative regulator of the cell-intrinsic antiviral response. May play a role in mediating proinflammatory responses to TNF-alpha signaling.Tissue specificity:Expressed in heart, skeletal muscle, spleen, liver, small intestine, placenta, lung and peripheral blood leukocytes. No expression is seen in brain and thymus.Involvement in disease:Defects in SAMHD1 are the cause of Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome type 5 (AGS5) . A form of Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome, a genetically heterogeneous disease characterized by cerebral atrophy, leukoencephalopathy, intracranial calcifications, chronic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lymphocytosis, increased CSF alpha-interferon, and negative serologic investigations for common prenatal infection. Clinical features as thrombocytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly and elevated hepatic transaminases along with intermittent fever may erroneously suggest an infective process. Severe neurological dysfunctions manifest in infancy as progressive microcephaly, spasticity, dystonic posturing and profound psychomotor retardation. Death often occurs in early childhood.

Supplier: Bioss

Ro autoantigens are of clinical significance because directed against them are found in most patients with primary Sjqgren syndrome, subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SLE), neonatal lupus erythematosus, ANA-negative lupus erythematosus, and systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease secondary to homozygous C2 or C4 complement deficiency (1). Ro/SSA is a ribonucleoprotein that binds to auto in 35 to 50% of patients with SLE and in up to 97% of patients with Sjqgren syndrome (2). The Ro/SSA particle consists of a single immunoreactive protein noncovalently bound with one of four small RNA molecules (2). Most anti-Ro/SSA-positive sera detect not only the main protein, but also a smaller Ro/SSA protein (2). The genes which encode the smaller and larger proteins map to human chromosomes 11p15.5 and 1q31, respectively (3?). La/SSB is an autoimmune RNA-binding protein that plays a role in the transcription of RNA polymerase III was originally defined by its reactivity with auto from patients with Sjé°ƒren syndrome and SLE (6).

Supplier: Bioss

Ro autoantigens are of clinical significance because directed against them are found in most patients with primary Sjqgren syndrome, subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SLE), neonatal lupus erythematosus, ANA-negative lupus erythematosus, and systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease secondary to homozygous C2 or C4 complement deficiency (1). Ro/SSA is a ribonucleoprotein that binds to auto in 35 to 50% of patients with SLE and in up to 97% of patients with Sjqgren syndrome (2). The Ro/SSA particle consists of a single immunoreactive protein noncovalently bound with one of four small RNA molecules (2). Most anti-Ro/SSA-positive sera detect not only the main protein, but also a smaller Ro/SSA protein (2). The genes which encode the smaller and larger proteins map to human chromosomes 11p15.5 and 1q31, respectively (3?). La/SSB is an autoimmune RNA-binding protein that plays a role in the transcription of RNA polymerase III was originally defined by its reactivity with auto from patients with Sjé°ƒren syndrome and SLE (6).

Supplier: Bioss

WASP (for Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein) and N-WASP are downstream effectors of Cdc42 that are implicated in Actin polymerization and cytoskeletal organization. The WASP family also includes VASP (vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein) and Mena (for mammalian enabled protein), which accumulate at focal adhesions and are also involved in the regulation of the Actin cytoskeleton. The WAVE proteins are related to the WASP family proteins and are likewise involved in mediating Actin reorganization downstream of the Rho family of small GTPases. The protein homologs WAVE1 and WAVE2 regulate membrane ruffling by inducing the formation of Actin filament clusters in response to GTP binding and by activating Rac. They mediate Actin polymerization by cooperating with the Arp2/3 complex, thereby promoting the formation of Actin filaments. WAVE1, which is also designated SCAR (suppressor of cAR), is expressed primarily in the brain, while WAVE2 is widely expressed, with the expression highest in peripheral blood leukocytes. WAVE3 forms a multiprotein complex that links receptor kinases with Actin and plays a role in the transduction of signals involving changes in cell shape, function or motility.

Supplier: Bioss

The sterile alpha motif (SAM) domain is a 70 residue structure found in a large number of proteins involved in diverse processes present throughout the eukaryotes. The SAM domain is known to bind RNA and is arranged in a small five-helix bundle with two large interfaces. SAMD7 (Sterile alpha motif domain-containing protein 7), is a 446 amino acid protein encoded by the SAMD7 gene which maps to human chromosome 3. Chromosome 3 is made up of about 214 million bases encoding over 1,100 genes, including a chemokine receptor (CKR) gene cluster and a variety of human cancer-related gene loci. Key tumor suppressing genes on chromosome 3 include those that encode the apoptosis mediator RASSF1, the cell migration regulator HYAL1 and the angiogenesis suppressor SEMA3B. Marfan Syndrome, porphyria, von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, osteogenesis imperfecta and Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease are a few of the numerous genetic diseases associated with chromosome 3.

Supplier: Bioss

This gene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase, which belongs to the insulin receptor superfamily. This protein comprises an extracellular domain, an hydrophobic stretch corresponding to a single pass transmembrane region, and an intracellular kinase domain. It plays an important role in the development of the brain and exerts its effects on specific neurons in the nervous system. This gene has been found to be rearranged, mutated, or amplified in a series of tumours including anaplastic large cell lymphomas, neuroblastoma, and non-small cell lung cancer. The chromosomal rearrangements are the most common genetic alterations in this gene, which result in creation of multiple fusion genes in tumourigenesis, including ALK (chromosome 2)/EML4 (chromosome 2), ALK/RANBP2 (chromosome 2), ALK/ATIC (chromosome 2), ALK/TFG (chromosome 3), ALK/NPM1 (chromosome 5), ALK/SQSTM1 (chromosome 5), LK/KIF5B (chromosome 10), ALK/CLTC (chromosome 17), ALK/TPM4 (chromosome 19), and ALK/MSN (chromosome X).[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011].

Supplier: Bioss

Ro autoantigens are of clinical significance because directed against them are found in most patients with primary Sjqgren syndrome, subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SLE), neonatal lupus erythematosus, ANA-negative lupus erythematosus, and systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease secondary to homozygous C2 or C4 complement deficiency (1). Ro/SSA is a ribonucleoprotein that binds to auto in 35 to 50% of patients with SLE and in up to 97% of patients with Sjqgren syndrome (2). The Ro/SSA particle consists of a single immunoreactive protein noncovalently bound with one of four small RNA molecules (2). Most anti-Ro/SSA-positive sera detect not only the main protein, but also a smaller Ro/SSA protein (2). The genes which encode the smaller and larger proteins map to human chromosomes 11p15.5 and 1q31, respectively (3?). La/SSB is an autoimmune RNA-binding protein that plays a role in the transcription of RNA polymerase III was originally defined by its reactivity with auto from patients with Sjé°ƒren syndrome and SLE (6).

Supplier: Bioss

Plays a crucial role in coupling NGF stimulation to the activation of both EPHB2 and MAPK14 signaling pathways and in NGF-dependent neuronal differentiation.Neuronal activity dramatically increases the concentration of cytosolic Ca2+, which then serves as a second messenger to direct diverse cellular responses. Calmodulin is a primary mediator of Ca2+ signals in the nervous system. Ric, a protein related to the Ras subfamily of small GTPases, has the ability to bind calmodulin. In addition, two Ras-like human proteins, Rin and Rit (Ric-related gene expressed in many tissues), which are 71% and 66% identical to RIC respectively, share related G2 domains with Ric. While most members of the Ras subfamily are plasma membrane-associated and generally require a C-terminal isoprenyl group to bind to the plasma membrane, Rit and Rin lack the recognition signal for C-terminal prenylation. Transiently expressed Rit and Rin are plasma membrane-localized because both proteins contain a C-terminal cluster of basic amino acids, which provides a mechanism for membrane association. Rin binds calmodulin through a C-terminal binding motif. Rit and Ric are widely expressed, whereas expression of Rin is restricted to the neuron system. In conclusion, Rit and Rin define a novel subfamily of Ras-related proteins

Supplier: Bioss

The protein encoded by this gene is a dual specificity protein kinase that belongs to the MAP kinase kinase family. This kinase specifically activates MAPK8/JNK1 and MAPK9/JNK2, and this kinase itself is phosphorylated and activated by MAP kinase kinase kinases including MAP3K1/MEKK1, MAP3K2/MEKK2,MAP3K3/MEKK5, and MAP4K2/GCK. This kinase is involved in the signal transduction mediating the cell responses to proinflammatory cytokines, and environmental stresses. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found, but only one transcript variant has been supported and defined. [provided by RefSeq].Hsp27, also referred to as the Estrogen regulated 24K protein and HSP28, is one of several small heat shock proteins (HSP) produced by all organisms studied. Hsp27 synthesis is induced by elevated temperature, as well as estrogen in hormone responsive cells. This protein is involved in stress resistance and actin organization. Interestingly, human HSP27 also shares greater than 50% homology with low molecular weight Drosophila HSP's and mammalian a-crystalline lens protein. Because of the estrogen responsive nature of Hsp27, this protein has been studied extensively in human estrogen responsive tissues such as cervix, endometrium and breast tissue. This work has led to the suggestion that Hsp27 may be a useful marker in classifying various hormone sensitive tumors.

Supplier: Bioss

Human papilloma viruses (HPVs) can be classified as either high risk or low risk according to their association with cancer. HPV16 and HPV18 are the most common of the high risk group while HPV6 and HPV11 are among the low risk types. Approximately 90% of cervical cancers contain HPV DNA of the high risk types. Mutational analysis have shown that the E6 and E7 genes of the high risk HPVs are necessary and sufficient for HPV transforming function. The specific interactions of the E6 and E7 proteins with p53 and pRB, respectively, correlate with HPV high and low risk classifications. The high risk HPV E7 proteins bind to pRB with a higher affinity than do the low risk HPV proteins, and only the high risk HPV E6 proteins form detectable complexes with p53 in vitro. Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are small DNA viruses which infect epithelia of the skin and mucosa. Over 90 types have been identified and they mostly cause a variety of benign lesions such as warts and verrucae. However, some subtypes, notably types 16 and 18, 31 and 33, have been confirmed as agents which cause cervical cancer. The E6 protein is a transcriptional transactivator. Binds double-stranded DNA. This protein may be involved in the oncogenic potential of this virus (cervical neoplasia-associated virus).

Supplier: Bioss

The caspase family of cysteine proteases play a key role in apoptosis. Caspase 3 is the most extensively studied apoptotic protein among caspase family members. Caspase 3 is synthesized as inactive pro enzyme that is processed in cells undergoing apoptosis by self proteolysis and/or cleavage by other upstream proteases (e.g. Caspases 8, 9 and 10). The processed form of Caspase 3 consists of large (17kDa) and small (12kDa) subunits which associate to form an active enzyme. Caspase 3 is cleaved at Asp28 Ser29 and Asp175 Ser176. The active Caspase 3 proteolytically cleaves and activates other caspases (e.g. Caspases 6, 7 and 9), as well as relevant targets in the cells (e.g. PARP and DFF). Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants which encode the same protein. In immunohistochemical studies Caspase 3 expression has been shown to be widespread but not present in all cell types (e.g. commonly reported in epithelial cells of skin, renal proximal tubules and collecting ducts). Differences in the level of Caspase 3 have been reported in cells of short lived nature (eg germinal centre B cells) and those that are long lived (eg mantle zone B cells). Caspase 3 is the predominant caspase involved in the cleavage of amyloid beta 4A precursor protein, which is associated with neuronal death in Alzheimer's disease.

Supplier: Bioss

The protein encoded by this gene is a dual specificity protein kinase that belongs to the MAP kinase kinase family. This kinase specifically activates MAPK8/JNK1 and MAPK9/JNK2, and this kinase itself is phosphorylated and activated by MAP kinase kinase kinases including MAP3K1/MEKK1, MAP3K2/MEKK2,MAP3K3/MEKK5, and MAP4K2/GCK. This kinase is involved in the signal transduction mediating the cell responses to proinflammatory cytokines, and environmental stresses. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found, but only one transcript variant has been supported and defined. [provided by RefSeq].Hsp27, also referred to as the Estrogen regulated 24K protein and HSP28, is one of several small heat shock proteins (HSP) produced by all organisms studied. Hsp27 synthesis is induced by elevated temperature, as well as estrogen in hormone responsive cells. This protein is involved in stress resistance and actin organization. Interestingly, human HSP27 also shares greater than 50% homology with low molecular weight Drosophila HSP's and mammalian a-crystalline lens protein. Because of the estrogen responsive nature of Hsp27, this protein has been studied extensively in human estrogen responsive tissues such as cervix, endometrium and breast tissue. This work has led to the suggestion that Hsp27 may be a useful marker in classifying various hormone sensitive tumors.

Supplier: TELESIS BIO

Generate seamless plasmid DNA or BAC clones without restriction digestion.

Supplier: Bioss

The modification of proteins with ubiquitin is an important cellular mechanism for targeting abnormal or short-lived proteins for degradation. Ubiquitination involves at least three classes of enzymes: ubiquitin-activating enzymes, or E1s, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, or E2s, and ubiquitin-protein ligases, or E3s. This gene encodes a member of the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. Four alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].

Supplier: Sartorius

Sartorius mLINE® Mechanical Pipettors are an advanced and ergonomic choice for quality-conscious users who perform long and repetitive manual pipetting. Designed for repetitive and long-lasting procedures in order to prevent work-related hand, arm, and shoulder disorders or Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI).

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Plays a crucial role in coupling NGF stimulation to the activation of both EPHB2 and MAPK14 signaling pathways and in NGF-dependent neuronal differentiation.Neuronal activity dramatically increases the concentration of cytosolic Ca2+, which then serves as a second messenger to direct diverse cellular responses. Calmodulin is a primary mediator of Ca2+ signals in the nervous system. Ric, a protein related to the Ras subfamily of small GTPases, has the ability to bind calmodulin. In addition, two Ras-like human proteins, Rin and Rit (Ric-related gene expressed in many tissues), which are 71% and 66% identical to RIC respectively, share related G2 domains with Ric. While most members of the Ras subfamily are plasma membrane-associated and generally require a C-terminal isoprenyl group to bind to the plasma membrane, Rit and Rin lack the recognition signal for C-terminal prenylation. Transiently expressed Rit and Rin are plasma membrane-localized because both proteins contain a C-terminal cluster of basic amino acids, which provides a mechanism for membrane association. Rin binds calmodulin through a C-terminal binding motif. Rit and Ric are widely expressed, whereas expression of Rin is restricted to the neuron system. In conclusion, Rit and Rin define a novel subfamily of Ras-related proteins

Supplier: Bioss

The protein encoded by this gene is a dual specificity protein kinase that belongs to the MAP kinase kinase family. This kinase specifically activates MAPK8/JNK1 and MAPK9/JNK2, and this kinase itself is phosphorylated and activated by MAP kinase kinase kinases including MAP3K1/MEKK1, MAP3K2/MEKK2,MAP3K3/MEKK5, and MAP4K2/GCK. This kinase is involved in the signal transduction mediating the cell responses to proinflammatory cytokines, and environmental stresses. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found, but only one transcript variant has been supported and defined. [provided by RefSeq].Hsp27, also referred to as the Estrogen regulated 24K protein and HSP28, is one of several small heat shock proteins (HSP) produced by all organisms studied. Hsp27 synthesis is induced by elevated temperature, as well as estrogen in hormone responsive cells. This protein is involved in stress resistance and actin organization. Interestingly, human HSP27 also shares greater than 50% homology with low molecular weight Drosophila HSP's and mammalian a-crystalline lens protein. Because of the estrogen responsive nature of Hsp27, this protein has been studied extensively in human estrogen responsive tissues such as cervix, endometrium and breast tissue. This work has led to the suggestion that Hsp27 may be a useful marker in classifying various hormone sensitive tumors.

Supplier: Bioss

The caspase family of cysteine proteases play a key role in apoptosis. Caspase 3 is the most extensively studied apoptotic protein among caspase family members. Caspase 3 is synthesized as inactive pro enzyme that is processed in cells undergoing apoptosis by self proteolysis and/or cleavage by other upstream proteases (e.g. Caspases 8, 9 and 10). The processed form of Caspase 3 consists of large (17kDa) and small (12kDa) subunits which associate to form an active enzyme. Caspase 3 is cleaved at Asp28 Ser29 and Asp175 Ser176. The active Caspase 3 proteolytically cleaves and activates other caspases (e.g. Caspases 6, 7 and 9), as well as relevant targets in the cells (e.g. PARP and DFF). Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants which encode the same protein. In immunohistochemical studies Caspase 3 expression has been shown to be widespread but not present in all cell types (e.g. commonly reported in epithelial cells of skin, renal proximal tubules and collecting ducts). Differences in the level of Caspase 3 have been reported in cells of short lived nature (eg germinal centre B cells) and those that are long lived (eg mantle zone B cells). Caspase 3 is the predominant caspase involved in the cleavage of amyloid beta 4A precursor protein, which is associated with neuronal death in Alzheimer's disease.

Supplier: Bioss

The protein encoded by this gene is a dual specificity protein kinase that belongs to the MAP kinase kinase family. This kinase specifically activates MAPK8/JNK1 and MAPK9/JNK2, and this kinase itself is phosphorylated and activated by MAP kinase kinase kinases including MAP3K1/MEKK1, MAP3K2/MEKK2,MAP3K3/MEKK5, and MAP4K2/GCK. This kinase is involved in the signal transduction mediating the cell responses to proinflammatory cytokines, and environmental stresses. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found, but only one transcript variant has been supported and defined. [provided by RefSeq].Hsp27, also referred to as the Estrogen regulated 24K protein and HSP28, is one of several small heat shock proteins (HSP) produced by all organisms studied. Hsp27 synthesis is induced by elevated temperature, as well as estrogen in hormone responsive cells. This protein is involved in stress resistance and actin organization. Interestingly, human HSP27 also shares greater than 50% homology with low molecular weight Drosophila HSP's and mammalian a-crystalline lens protein. Because of the estrogen responsive nature of Hsp27, this protein has been studied extensively in human estrogen responsive tissues such as cervix, endometrium and breast tissue. This work has led to the suggestion that Hsp27 may be a useful marker in classifying various hormone sensitive tumors.

Supplier: Bioss

The protein encoded by this gene is a dual specificity protein kinase that belongs to the MAP kinase kinase family. This kinase specifically activates MAPK8/JNK1 and MAPK9/JNK2, and this kinase itself is phosphorylated and activated by MAP kinase kinase kinases including MAP3K1/MEKK1, MAP3K2/MEKK2,MAP3K3/MEKK5, and MAP4K2/GCK. This kinase is involved in the signal transduction mediating the cell responses to proinflammatory cytokines, and environmental stresses. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found, but only one transcript variant has been supported and defined. [provided by RefSeq].Hsp27, also referred to as the Estrogen regulated 24K protein and HSP28, is one of several small heat shock proteins (HSP) produced by all organisms studied. Hsp27 synthesis is induced by elevated temperature, as well as estrogen in hormone responsive cells. This protein is involved in stress resistance and actin organization. Interestingly, human HSP27 also shares greater than 50% homology with low molecular weight Drosophila HSP's and mammalian a-crystalline lens protein. Because of the estrogen responsive nature of Hsp27, this protein has been studied extensively in human estrogen responsive tissues such as cervix, endometrium and breast tissue. This work has led to the suggestion that Hsp27 may be a useful marker in classifying various hormone sensitive tumors.

Supplier: Bioss

Plays a crucial role in coupling NGF stimulation to the activation of both EPHB2 and MAPK14 signaling pathways and in NGF-dependent neuronal differentiation.Neuronal activity dramatically increases the concentration of cytosolic Ca2+, which then serves as a second messenger to direct diverse cellular responses. Calmodulin is a primary mediator of Ca2+ signals in the nervous system. Ric, a protein related to the Ras subfamily of small GTPases, has the ability to bind calmodulin. In addition, two Ras-like human proteins, Rin and Rit (Ric-related gene expressed in many tissues), which are 71% and 66% identical to RIC respectively, share related G2 domains with Ric. While most members of the Ras subfamily are plasma membrane-associated and generally require a C-terminal isoprenyl group to bind to the plasma membrane, Rit and Rin lack the recognition signal for C-terminal prenylation. Transiently expressed Rit and Rin are plasma membrane-localized because both proteins contain a C-terminal cluster of basic amino acids, which provides a mechanism for membrane association. Rin binds calmodulin through a C-terminal binding motif. Rit and Ric are widely expressed, whereas expression of Rin is restricted to the neuron system. In conclusion, Rit and Rin define a novel subfamily of Ras-related proteins