87338 Results for: "each (6-Maleimidohexanoic acid)"

Supplier: Bioss

Retinoids are metabolites of vitamin A (retinal) and are believed to represent important signaling molecules during vertebrate development and tissue differentiation. Two families of retinoid receptors have been identified. Retinoic acid receptors (RARs) include RAR alpha, RAR beta and RAR gamma, each of which has a high affinity for all trans retinoic acids and belongs to the same class of nuclear transcription factors as thyroid hormone receptors, vitamin D3 receptor and ecdysone receptor. The ligand binding domains of the RARs are highly conserved and RAR isoforms are expressed in distinct patterns through out development and in the mature organism. Members of the retinoid X receptor (RXR) family, RXR alpha, RXR beta and RXR gamma, are activated by 9 cis retinoic acid, a stereo and photoisomer of all trans RA that is expressed in vivo in both liver and kidney and may represent a widely used hormone.

Supplier: Peprotech

β-NGF is a neurotrophic factor structurally related to BDNF, NT-3 and NT-4. These proteins belong to the cysteine-knot family of growth factors that assume stable dimeric structures. β-NGF is a potent neurotrophic factor that signals through its receptor β-NGFR, and plays a crucial role in the development and preservation of the sensory and sympathetic nervous systems. β-NGF also acts as a growth and differentiation factor for B lymphocytes, and enhances B-cell survival. The functional form of Recombinant Murine β-NGF is a non-covalently-linked homodimer of two 13.4 kDa, polypeptide monomers that each contain 120 amino acids and three disulfide bonds, which are required for biological activity.

Supplier: Bioss

Retinoids are metabolites of vitamin A (retinal) and are believed to represent important signaling molecules during vertebrate development and tissue differentiation. Two families of retinoid receptors have been identified. Retinoic acid receptors (RARs) include RAR alpha, RAR beta and RAR gamma, each of which has a high affinity for all trans retinoic acids and belongs to the same class of nuclear transcription factors as thyroid hormone receptors, vitamin D3 receptor and ecdysone receptor. The ligand binding domains of the RARs are highly conserved and RAR isoforms are expressed in distinct patterns through out development and in the mature organism. Members of the retinoid X receptor (RXR) family, RXR alpha, RXR beta and RXR gamma, are activated by 9 cis retinoic acid, a stereo and photoisomer of all trans RA that is expressed in vivo in both liver and kidney and may represent a widely used hormone.

Supplier: Bioss

Isocitrate dehydrogenases catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to 2-oxoglutarate. These enzymes belong to two distinct subclasses, one of which utilizes NAD(+) as the electron acceptor and the other NADP(+). Five isocitrate dehydrogenases have been reported: three NAD(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases, which localize to the mitochondrial matrix, and two NADP(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases, one of which is mitochondrial and the other predominantly cytosolic. NAD(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases catalyze the allosterically regulated rate-limiting step of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Each isozyme is a heterotetramer that is composed of two alpha subunits, one beta subunit, and one gamma subunit. IDH3A is the alpha subunit of one isozyme of NAD(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase.

Supplier: Bioss

Isocitrate dehydrogenases catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to 2-oxoglutarate. These enzymes belong to two distinct subclasses, one of which utilizes NAD(+) as the electron acceptor and the other NADP(+). Five isocitrate dehydrogenases have been reported: three NAD(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases, which localize to the mitochondrial matrix, and two NADP(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases, one of which is mitochondrial and the other predominantly cytosolic. NAD(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases catalyze the allosterically regulated rate-limiting step of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Each isozyme is a heterotetramer that is composed of two alpha subunits, one beta subunit, and one gamma subunit. IDH3A is the alpha subunit of one isozyme of NAD(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase.

Supplier: Bioss

Isocitrate dehydrogenases catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to 2-oxoglutarate. These enzymes belong to two distinct subclasses, one of which utilizes NAD(+) as the electron acceptor and the other NADP(+). Five isocitrate dehydrogenases have been reported: three NAD(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases, which localize to the mitochondrial matrix, and two NADP(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases, one of which is mitochondrial and the other predominantly cytosolic. NAD(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases catalyze the allosterically regulated rate-limiting step of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Each isozyme is a heterotetramer that is composed of two alpha subunits, one beta subunit, and one gamma subunit. IDH3A is the alpha subunit of one isozyme of NAD(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase.

Supplier: Prosci

Human serum albumin (HSA), the most abundant protein in human blood plasma, is essential for maintaining osmotic pressure. It is produced in the liver, consists of a single polypeptide chain, with 585 amino acids with 17 tyrosil residues and one tryptophan located in position 214. HSA is organized in three domains, I, II and III, each consisting of two subdomains, A and B. In the physiological states, HSA occurs in two forms – the non-modified HSA with a free thiol group of Cys-34, and the modified (oxidized) form (oHSA), also called human mercaptoalbumin (HMA) and human nonmercaptoalbumin (HNA), respectively. HMA and HNA are in equilibrium, depending on the redox state of Cys-34, and their ratio also varies depending on age and the diseased state. HSA functions primarily as a carrier protein for drugs, steroids, fatty acids, and thyroid hormones, and plays a role in stabilizing extracellular fluid volume.

Supplier: Bioss

Mono-ADP-ribosylation is one of the posttranslational protein modifications regulating cellular metabolism (e.g. nitrogen fixation) in prokaryotes. Mono-ADP-ribosylation is a process in which the ADP-ribose moiety of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is transferred to an acceptor amino acid. Five mammalian ADP-ribosyltransferases (ART1-ART5) have been cloned, and each ART is expressed in different tissues. ART5 (ADP-ribosyltransferase 5), also known as Ecto-ADP-ribosyltransferase 5, is a 292 amino acid secretory protein that is expressed in testis, heart, skeletal muscle and lymphoma. Functionally, ART5 is implicatetd to play a role in cell signaling and metabolism cascades. Two isoforms of ART5 exist as a result of alternative splicing events.

Supplier: Genetex

Alpha-methyacyl-CoA racemase (AMCR), is an enzyme invloved in beta oxidation of branched chain fatty acids and bile salt intermediates, and has recently been identified as a neomarker for prostate cancer, where it is over expressed. Several different isoforms have been reported that are produced either by extensinve alternatve splicing of 5 exons or by use of alternate initiation codons. At least 2 different transcripts, each derived from the 5 exons, have been reported, AMCR I and AMCR II. AMCR I is the most abundant form and enclodes for a 382 amino acid protein (42kDa). The other isoform AMCR II exhibits significnat homolgy to fumerate hydratase and encoes a 288 amino acid protein (32 kDa). Several other variants of IA and IIA isoforms are charcterized recently. The variants lack exon 3 and are designated as IB and IIB. In prostate tumor tissues that over express AMCR, both the A and B forms are over-expressed.

Supplier: Bioss

The tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) motif is a degenerate, 34 amino acid sequence found in many proteins and acts to mediate protein-protein interactions in various pathways. At the sequence level, there can be up to 16 tandem TPR repeats, each of which has a helix-turn-helix shape that stacks on other TPR repeats to achieve ligand binding specificity. EDRF1 (erythroid differentiation-related factor 1), also known as C10orf137 (chromosome 10 open reading frame 137), is a 1,238 amino acid protein containing two TPR repeats. Localizing to nucleus, EDRF1 is involved in transcriptional activation of globin genes by regulating DNA-binding activity of GATA-1 transcription factor. EDRF1 may also play an important role in organ development and histological differentiation. EDRF1 exists as four alternatively spliced isoforms and is encoded by a gene mapping to human chromosome 10q26.13.

Supplier: Bioss

The tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) motif is a degenerate, 34 amino acid sequence found in many proteins and acts to mediate protein-protein interactions in various pathways. At the sequence level, there can be up to 16 tandem TPR repeats, each of which has a helix-turn-helix shape that stacks on other TPR repeats to achieve ligand binding specificity. EDRF1 (erythroid differentiation-related factor 1), also known as C10orf137 (chromosome 10 open reading frame 137), is a 1,238 amino acid protein containing two TPR repeats. Localizing to nucleus, EDRF1 is involved in transcriptional activation of globin genes by regulating DNA-binding activity of GATA-1 transcription factor. EDRF1 may also play an important role in organ development and histological differentiation. EDRF1 exists as four alternatively spliced isoforms and is encoded by a gene mapping to human chromosome 10q26.13.

Supplier: Zymo Research

The dNTP Mix, along with dATP, dTTP, dGTP, and dCTP mixes from Zymo Research are of ultra-high purity and can be used to generate DNA by PCR using ZymoTaq™ or other DNA polymerases.

Supplier: Bioss

Mono-ADP-ribosylation is one of the posttranslational protein modifications regulating cellular metabolism (e.g. nitrogen fixation) in prokaryotes. Mono-ADP-ribosylation is a process in which the ADP-ribose moiety of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is transferred to an acceptor amino acid. Five mammalian ADP-ribosyltransferases (ART1-ART5) have been cloned, and each ART is expressed in different tissues. ART5 (ADP-ribosyltransferase 5), also known as Ecto-ADP-ribosyltransferase 5, is a 292 amino acid secretory protein that is expressed in testis, heart, skeletal muscle and lymphoma. Functionally, ART5 is implicatetd to play a role in cell signaling and metabolism cascades. Two isoforms of ART5 exist as a result of alternative splicing events.

Supplier: Genetex

For background information on chemokines, see CXCL1 (MIM 155730). Stromal cell-derived factors 1-alpha and 1-beta are small cytokines that belong to the intercrine family, members of which activate leukocytes and are often induced by proinflammatory stimuli such as lipopolysaccharide, TNF (see MIM 191160), or IL1 (see MIM 147760). The intercrines are characterized by the presence of 4 conserved cysteines which form 2 disulfide bonds. They can be classified into 2 subfamilies. In the CC subfamily, which includes beta chemokine, the cysteine residues are adjacent to each other. In the CXC subfamily, which includes alpha chemokine, they are separated by an intervening amino acid. The SDF1 proteins belong to the latter group.[supplied by OMIM]

Supplier: Prosci

Desmin (DES), with 470-amino acid protein (about 52 kDa), belongs to the intermediate filament family and Desmin is class III intermediate filaments found in muscle cells. Homopolymers of Desmin form a stable intracytoplasmic filamentous network connecting myofibrils to each other and to the plasma membrane.Mutations in Desmin are associated with desmin-related myopathy, a familial cardiac and skeletal myopathy (CSM), and with distal myopathies.Desmin is also expressed in smooth muscle cells of both airways and alveolar ducts and Desmin is a load-bearing protein that stiffens the airways and consequently the lung and modulates airway contractile response.

Supplier: Prosci

beta-Galactosidase Antibody: Beta-galactosidase (beta-gal), an inducible enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of lactose and other beta-galactosides into monosaccharides, is a product of the LacZ operon, and is a homo-tetrameric protein consisting of four identical subunits of approximately 114 kDa each. The enzyme is commonly used as a reporter gene in molecular biology to assess the efficiency of transfection.

Supplier: Peprotech

CDNF is a secreted neurotrophic factor that is expressed in brain, neuronal and certain non-neuronal tissues. It has been shown to promote survival, growth and function of dopamine-specific neurons. CDNF and its structural homolog, MANF, each contain an N-terminal saposin-like lipid binding domain, and a carboxyl-terminal domain, which is not homologous to previously characterized protein structures. CDNF and MANF can prevent 6-OHDA-induced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons by triggering survival pathways in a rat experimental model of Parkinson’s disease. Recombinant Human CDNF is an 18.5 kDa protein consisting of 162 amino acids, including 8 cysteine residues.

Supplier: Thermo Scientific

Thermo Scientific Pierce Amino Acid Standard H is a quantitative mixture of 18 amino acids, supplied at 2.5 µMol/mL each in 0.1N HCl, for use as a high-purity calibration standard for HPLC analysis of protein hydrolysates.

Supplier: Bioss

Mono-ADP-ribosylation is one of the posttranslational protein modifications regulating cellular metabolism (e.g. nitrogen fixation) in prokaryotes. Mono-ADP-ribosylation is a process in which the ADP-ribose moiety of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is transferred to an acceptor amino acid. Five mammalian ADP-ribosyltransferases (ART1-ART5) have been cloned, and each ART is expressed in different tissues. ART5 (ADP-ribosyltransferase 5), also known as Ecto-ADP-ribosyltransferase 5, is a 292 amino acid secretory protein that is expressed in testis, heart, skeletal muscle and lymphoma. Functionally, ART5 is implicatetd to play a role in cell signaling and metabolism cascades. Two isoforms of ART5 exist as a result of alternative splicing events.

Supplier: Restek

Designed for use in all QuEChERS methods for pesticides in fruits and vegetables, including the original unbuffered method, AOAC 2007.01, and EN15662.

Supplier: CUBE BIOTECH

AASTYs (Acrylic acid-co-styrenes) - like AASTY 11-50 - are highly-alternating copolymers, well-suited for the generation of native lipid nanodiscs. They are a 2022 novel developed series for membrane protein solubilization & stabilization. AASTY 11-50 gets its name from its molecular weight and Acrylic Acid : Styrene Ratio. These varying ratios of acrylic acid to styrene contribute to the hydrophilic properties of our AASTYs. In general lighter AASTYs, like 6-45 tend to be more aggressive, while heavier AASTYs, such as 11-50 show higher thermodynamic stability.

Every membrane protein solubilization needs to undergo a screening process in before. The characteristic phospholipid environment surrounding the different membrane proteins in question performs differently well with each polymer. To support you in this process, we offer a handy Screening Kit for AASTYs to test them all.

We recommend the two following publications if you would like to get further information: Smith et al. 2020 & Timcenko et al. 2022

Supplier: Restek

QuEChERS performance standard A designed for use in all QuEChERS methods for pesticides in fruits and vegetables. Ideal for initial method evaluations and ongoing method performance validations.

Supplier: Biotium

This MAb recognizes TGF beta 1, 2 and 3. Three TGF betas have been identified in mammals. TGF beta 1, TGF beta 2 and TGF beta 3 are each synthesized as precursor proteins that are very similar in that each is cleaved to yield a 112 amino acid polypeptide that remains associated with the latent portion of the molecules. Biologically active TGF beta requires dimerization of the monomers (usually homodimers) and release of the latent peptide portion. Overall, the mature region of the TGF beta 3 protein has approximately 80% identity to the mature region of both TGF beta 1 and TGF beta 2. However, the NH2 terminals or precursor regions of their molecules share only 27% sequence identity. TGF betas inhibit the growth of epithelial cells and stimulate the growth of mesenchymal cells.

Supplier: Prosci

Prosapip2 Antibody: Prosapip2 (TBKBP1) is essential for signal transduction during viral infection thus plays a major role in the TNF/NF-kappa B pathway. It is an adaptor protein that constitutively binds TBK1 (TANK-binding kinase) and IKBKE and may play a role in antiviral innate immunity. Prosapip2 is a 615 amino acid adaptor protein belonging to the fibrillar collagen family, consisting of trimers of identical alpha 1 chains which are linked to each other by interchain disulfide bonds. It has a ubiquitous expression with highest levels in ovary, followed by the neuronal system. Prosapip2 binds to TBK1 and helps in the activation of IRF3 which controls the expression of antiviral genes during infection. Recent studies show that Prosapip2 is an interaction partner of ProSAP2/Shank3 and actin, suggesting a role as a linker molecule between postsynaptic density and the cytoskeleton.

Supplier: Biotium

Biotium offers a number of reactive dye formats for labelling proteins, nucleic acids, and other biomolecules with fluorescent dyes. CF® dyes offer advantages in brightness and photostability compared other similar commercial dyes. CF® dyes are available in a number of reactive dye formats for CF® dye colours span the visible and near-infrared spectra.

Supplier: Peprotech

Activin A is a TGF-β family member that exhibits a wide range of biological activities, including regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation, and promotion of neuronal survival. Elevated levels of Activin A in human colorectal tumors and in postmenopausal women have been implicated in colorectal and breast cancers, respectively. The biological activities of Activin A can be neutralized by inhibins and by the diffusible TGF-β antagonist, follistatin. Activin A binds to the two forms of activin receptor type I (Act RI-A and Act RI-B) and two forms of activin receptor type II (Act RII-A and Act RII-B). Activins are homodimers or heterodimers of different β subunits. They are produced as precursor proteins with an amino terminal propeptide that is cleaved to release the C-terminal bioactive ligand. Recombinant Human/Murine/Rat Activin A is a 26.0 kDa disulfide-linked homodimer of two βA chains, each containing 116 amino acid residues.

Supplier: Genetex

Interleukins (ILs) are a large group of cytokines that are produced mainly by leukocytes, although some are produced by certain phagocytes and auxiliary cells. Each IL acts on a specific, limited group of cells through a receptor specific for that IL. Interleukin 1 (IL1), originally known as lymphocyte activating factor (LAF), activates T cells and lymphocytes, which then proliferate and secrete interleukin 2. IL1 is primarily released from stimulated macrophages and monocytes, but also is released from several other cell types and is thought to play a key role in inflammatory and immune responses. The two closely related agents, interleukin 1 alpha (IL1 alpha) and interleukin 1 beta (IL1 beta) bind to the same cell surface receptor, elicit nearly identical biological responses and share 25% homology in their amino acid sequence. The two closely related agents, interleukin 1 alpha (IL1 alpha) and interleukin 1 beta (IL1 beta) bind to the same cell surface receptor, elicit nearly identical biological responses and share 25% homology in their amino acid sequence.

Supplier: Bioss

Kelch domain-containing protein 8A (KLHDC8A) is a 350 amino acid protein. KLHDC8A contains seven kelch repeats, each of which is an approximately 50 amino acid long conserved region that forms a tertiary structure beta-propeller. The gene that encodes KLHDC8A is located on chromosome 1, which is the largest human chromosome, spanning about 260 million base pairs and making up 8% of the human genome. There are about 3,000 genes on chromosome 1, and considering the great number of genes there are also a large number of diseases associated with chromosome 1. Notably, the rare aging disease Hutchinson-Gilford progeria is associated with the LMNA gene which encodes Lamin A. The MUTYH gene is located on chromosome 1 and is partially responsible for familial adenomatous polyposis. Stickler syndrome, Parkinsons, Gaucher disease and Usher syndrome are also associated with chromosome 1. Aberrations in chromosome 1 are found in a variety of cancers including head and neck cancer, malignant melanoma and multiple myeloma.

Supplier: Bioss

Kelch domain-containing protein 8A (KLHDC8A) is a 350 amino acid protein. KLHDC8A contains seven kelch repeats, each of which is an approximately 50 amino acid long conserved region that forms a tertiary structure beta-propeller. The gene that encodes KLHDC8A is located on chromosome 1, which is the largest human chromosome, spanning about 260 million base pairs and making up 8% of the human genome. There are about 3,000 genes on chromosome 1, and considering the great number of genes there are also a large number of diseases associated with chromosome 1. Notably, the rare aging disease Hutchinson-Gilford progeria is associated with the LMNA gene which encodes Lamin A. The MUTYH gene is located on chromosome 1 and is partially responsible for familial adenomatous polyposis. Stickler syndrome, Parkinsons, Gaucher disease and Usher syndrome are also associated with chromosome 1. Aberrations in chromosome 1 are found in a variety of cancers including head and neck cancer, malignant melanoma and multiple myeloma.

Supplier: Biotium

This MAb recognizes TGF beta 1, 2 and 3. Three TGF betas have been identified in mammals. TGF beta 1, TGF beta 2 and TGF beta 3 are each synthesized as precursor proteins that are very similar in that each is cleaved to yield a 112 amino acid polypeptide that remains associated with the latent portion of the molecules. Biologically active TGF beta requires dimerization of the monomers (usually homodimers) and release of the latent peptide portion. Overall, the mature region of the TGF beta 3 protein has approximately 80% identity to the mature region of both TGF beta 1 and TGF beta 2. However, the NH2 terminals or precursor regions of their molecules share only 27% sequence identity. TGF betas inhibit the growth of epithelial cells and stimulate the growth of mesenchymal cells.