303 Results for: "Shenandoah Biotechnology"

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Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is a growth factor that is produced by the liver. IGF-1 production is stimulated by growth hormone (GH). IGF-I binds the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) and the insulin receptor to stimulate systemic body growth. IGF-I is one of the most potent activators of the AKT signaling pathway, which stimulates cell proliferation and inhibits programmed cell death. Mature human IGF-I is 100% homologous to bovine and porcine IGF-1 proteins.

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Interleukin 9 (IL-9) is a cytokine produced by type 2 T helper (Th2) cells and regulates hematopoietic cells. IL-9 signals through the interleukin 9 receptor (IL9R) to activate STAT signaling. IL-9 functions to induce cell proliferation, prevent cell apoptosis, and is associated with asthma and airway hyperresponsiveness.

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Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a cytokine that is expressed by T cells, macrophages, and muscle cells. IL-6 acts to stimulate an immune response upon infection or trauma. IL-6 has both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions, is capable of promoting fever, and signals through the cell-surface type I cytokine receptor complex containing the IL-6Ra and gp130 chains. Human IL-6 is active on mouse and rat cells.

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Stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha (SDF-1α), also called CXCL12a, is one of two SDF-1 splice variants made by a wide variety of cells upon stimulation by inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factors (TNF), interleukin 1 (IL-1), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). SDF-1α signals through the G protein-coupled receptor CXCR4 to recruit activated leukocytes. Human and mouse SDF-1α share 99% sequence identity.

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Monocyte chemotactic protein 3 (MCP-3), also called CCL7, is produced by macrophages and tumor cell lines. MCP-3 signals through the G protein-coupled receptors CCR1, CCR2, and CCR3. MCP-3 chemoattracts monocytes and regulates macrophage function during inflammation and metastasis.

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Macrophage inflammatory protein-3 beta (MIP-3-beta), also called CCL19, is a chemokine that is expressed in the thymus, lymph nodes, and activated bone marrow stromal cells. MIP-3-beta signals through the G protein-coupled receptor CCR7 to regulate normal lymphocyte recirculation. MIP-3-beta also functions during T cell trafficking to the thymus, and in T cell and B cell homing to the lymph nodes and secondary lymphoid organs.

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Leptin is a hormone that is produced by adipose tissue and plays critical roles in the physiologic regulation of body weight. Leptin acts through the leptin receptor (LEPR) to regulate adipose mass by inhibiting hunger and balancing energy usage. Leptin mutations cause severe hereditary obesity and hypogonadism in rodents and humans. Leptin also has thermogenic actions, regulates enzymes of fatty acid oxidation, and is involved in hematopoiesis, angiogenesis, wound healing, inflammation, and immune responses.

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Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT-3 ligand) is a growth factor that regulates hematopoietic cell proliferation. FLT-3 ligand signalling is transmitted through the fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT-3) receptor. FLT-3 ligand promotes the long-term expansion and differentiation of pro-B cells in the presence of interleukin 7 (IL-7,) or in combination of IL-7 and interleukin 3 (IL-3). Human FLT-3 ligand is active on mouse cells.

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WNT1-inducible-signaling pathway protein 2 (WISP-2) is a member of the CYR61/CTGF/NOV (CCN) family of regulatory factors. WISP-2 is expressed in ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal lineages, including primary osteoblasts, fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, and adipogenic precursor cells. WISP-2 is a canonical WNT ligand that regulates cell proliferation, adhesion, and metastasis. Secreted WISP-2 promotes mesenchymal precursor cell proliferation and maintains them in an undifferentiated state. In bone-forming osteoblasts, WISP-2 promotes osteoblast adhesion and inhibits osteocalcin production.

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Fibroblast growth factor 5 (FGF-5) is a secreted heparin-binding growth factor that binds to FGF receptors 1 and 2 (FGFR1 and FGFR2). FGF-5 is expressed in the mesenchyme, skeletal muscles, central nervous system, and hair follicles to promote cell differentiation and proliferation. FGF-5 functions as a regulatory factor during hair elongation and skeletal muscle development. Animal-free.

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Fibroblast growth factor 6 (FGF-6) is a heparin-binding growth factor that is expressed in epithelial and mesenchymal lineages. FGF-6 binds and signals through the FGF receptors FGFR1, FGFR2, and FGFR4. FGF-6 functions as a mitogen for vascular endothelial cells and fibroblasts. FGF-6 is also an important factor driving muscle differentiation and regeneration. Animal-free.

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Resistin-like molecule-gamma (RELM-γ) is a member of the RELM family of secreted proteins containing C-terminal cysteines. The RELM family consists of Resistin (FIZZ3), RELM-α (FIZZ1), RELM-β (FIZZ2), and RELM-γ (FIZZ4). RELM-γ is secreted by peripheral blood granulocytes, bone marrow, spleen, intestine, and lung. RELM-γ functions to promote and regulate promyelocytic differentiation, in addition to regulating nutrient-associated insulin sensitivity in the intestinal tract. Rodents secrete all four RELM family members, whereas Resistin and RELM-β are the only RELM family members found in humans.

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Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a hematopoietic cytokine produced in several tissues including the heart, liver and prostate. TSLP induces the release of T-cell attracting chemokines from monocytes, and regulates the maturation of myeloid and epidermal dendritic cells. TSLP signals through a heterodimeric receptor complex containing the TSLP receptor (TSLP-R/CRLF2) and IL-7R alpha chain.

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Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is produced by monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs). IL-1β signals through the IL-1 receptor, type 1 (IL-1R1) to activate the myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88) signaling pathway, which contains the cytoplasmic Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain adapter. IL-1β and the independently regulated IL-1α protein have overlapping proinflammatory activities to induce adhesion molecule expression on epithelial cells, control fever induction, initiate rheumatoid arthritis, and promote septic shock.

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Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is produced by a wide variety of cell types, including tumor and vascular cells. VEGF-A is a mediator of vascular growth, vascular permeability, and plays a role in stimulating vasodilation via nitric oxide-dependent pathways. VEGF-A has several alternatively spliced isoforms, with VEGF-165 being the most abundant. The VEGF-165 isoform is a secreted protein that acts on receptors VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 to modulate endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis.

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Mouse SCF recombinant protein, Purity: >/=95%, Source: Genetically modified E.coli, MW: Monomer, 18.4 kDa(165 aa), Endotoxin: /=5.0 x 10power 4 units/mg, Synonym: c-Kit Ligand, KL, Steel Factor, MGF, Size: 10UG

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Human EG-VEGF recombinant protein, Purity: >/=95%, Source: Genetically modified E.coli, Predicted Molecular weight: Monomer, 9.7 kDa (86 aa), Endotoxin:

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Interleukin 17E (IL-17E), also known as IL-25, is a member of the IL-17 family of cytokines. IL-17E binds to the IL-17BR receptor to stimulate the secretion of the proinflammatory interleukin 8 (IL-8) chemokine and to induce the activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB).

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Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), also known as FGF2, is expressed by endothelial cells and is a mediator of angiogenesis. bFGF also has cardioprotective functions during heart injury. The application of bFGF is a critical component for embryonic stem cell culture systems and is necessary for maintaining cells in an undifferentiated state. Degredation of the full length bFGF N-terminus results in a truncated bFGF147aa protein, when the protein is isolated from biological sources. The N-terminus extensions influence the localization of bFGF within the cell, but do not affect the biological activity of bFGF. Therefore, there are no detectable differences in biological activity between the full length bFGF-154aa and the truncated bFGF-147aa recombinant proteins.

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Stromal cell-derived factor-1 beta (SDF-1b), also called CXCL12b, is one of two SDF-1 splice variants made by a wide variety of cells upon stimulation by inflammatory cytokines such as TNF, IL-1, and LPS. SDF-1b signals through the G protein-coupled receptor CXCR4 to recruit activated leukocytes.

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Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), also known as FGF2, is expressed by endothelial cells and is a mediator of angiogenesis. bFGF also has cardioprotective functions during heart injury. The application of bFGF is a critical component for embryonic stem cell culture systems and is necessary for maintaining cells in an undifferentiated state. Recombinant bFGF-154aa is the full length bFGF protein encoded by the human FGF2 gene. bFGF-154aa is the most popular tissue culture product at Shenandoah Biotechnology Inc. There are no detectable differences in biological activity between bFGF-154aa and the truncated bFGF-147aa proteins.

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Myostatin (GDF-8), a member of the TGF-beta superfamily, is a potent and negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass. The recombinant myostatin propeptide binds and inhibits myostatin to enhance the repair and regeneration of injured muscle and bone.

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Macrophage inflammatory protein-3 alpha (MIP-3-alpha), also called CCL20, is expressed in the liver, lungs, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood lymphocytes. MIP-3-alpha expression is strongly induced by inflammatory signals, and downregulated by the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). MIP-3-alpha signals through the G protein-coupled receptor CCR6 to function as a chemoattractant to lymphocytes and dendritic cells.

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Interleukin 33 (IL-33) is a member of the IL-1 cytokine family and is constitutively expressed in smooth muscle and airway epithelial cells. IL-33 signals through the interleukin 1 receptor-like 1 (IL-1R1) and interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP) receptors to ativate NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. IL-33 functions to induce type 2 cytokine production in polarized Type 2 helper T (Th2) cells.

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Prolactin (PRL) is a hormone that is produced and secreted by the pituitary gland. PRL acts in an endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine manner. The prolactin receptor (PRLR) is expressed on many cell types, including cells of the reproductive organs, central nervous system, and breast cancer. PRL signal transduction occurs via JAK kinase signaling pathways. The primary function of PRL is to regulate lactation, but PRL also plays functional roles in the immune system and during cell growth, apoptosis, and differentiation.

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Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), also known as FGF2, is expressed by endothelial cells and is a mediator of angiogenesis. bFGF also has cardioprotective functions during heart injury. The application of bFGF is a critical component for embryonic stem cell culture systems and is necessary for maintaining cells in an undifferentiated state. Recombinant bFGF-154aa is the full length bFGF protein encoded by the human FGF2 gene. bFGF-154aa is the most popular tissue culture product at Shenandoah Biotechnology Inc. There are no detectable differences in biological activity between bFGF-154aa and the truncated bFGF-147aa proteins.

Supplier: Shenandoah Biotechnology

Interleukin 4 (IL-4) is an immunomodulatory cytokine that functions to induce naïve helper T cells to differentiate into type 2 T helper (Th2) cells. Th2 cells subsequently produce more IL-4 in a positive feedback loop. IL-4 also promotes immunoglobulin IgG to IgE isotype switching on B cells. IL-4 binds the IL-4Rα receptor to activate STAT6 signaling.

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Visfatin is an adipokine produced by visceral adipose tissue. Visfatin acts as a pro-inflammatory factor for peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and mimics the effects of insulin on adipocytes, monocytes and hepatocytes.

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Neuregulin 1-beta (NRG1-b) is one of many alternatively-spliced isoforms of the NRG1 gene and contains a soluble EGF-like domain. The EGF-like domain of NRG1-b signals through the ErbB2, ErbB3, and ErbB4 receptor tyrosine kinases. NRG1-b is an important growth factor involved in neuroinflammation, nerve regeneration, and cardiovascular processes.

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Eotaxin-1, also known as Eotaxin and CCL11, is a chemokine that recruits eosinophils to sites of allergic inflammation. Eotaxin-1 signals through the G protein-coupled chemokine receptors CCR2, CCR3, and CCR5. Eotaxin-1 also negatively regulates adult neurogenesis, and high Eotaxin-1 levels are associated with impaired learning and memory.