303 Results for: "Shenandoah Biotechnology"

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Macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) is a hematopoietic growth factor that is widely produced by a variety of cells. M-CSF stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into monocyte and macrophage cell types. M-CSF also acts through the colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) to modulate processes involved in immunology, bone metabolism, fertility, and pregnancy. Human M-CSF shows activity on mouse cells; however, mouse CSF shows no activity on human cells.

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Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is an important regulator of cell growth, proliferation, and angiogenesis. PDGF synthesis is induced by IL-1, IL-6, TNF-a, TGF-b and EGF signaling. PDGF functions as a mitogenic growth hormone on cells of mesenchymal lineage, such as smooth muscle and glial cells. PDGF is also stored in the alpha-granules of platelets and is released upon adherence to traumatized tissues. PDGF is a dimeric glycoprotein formed by two A chains (AA), two B chains (BB), or as a heterodimer with an A and a B chain (AB). The PDGF dimer binds the cell surface receptor tyrosine kinases PDGFR-a and PDGFR-b.

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US-made bioactive recombinant proteins offer rigid quality testing and low manufacturer pricing.

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Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a neurotrophic factor that signals through a multicomponent receptor system to activate receptor tyrosine kinase RET signaling. GDNF promotes dopamine uptake, prevents motor neuron apoptosis, and supports the survival and differentiation of neurons.

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Interleukin 11 (IL-11) is a member of the gp130 family of cytokines. IL-11 functions to promote hematopoietic stem cell proliferation and megakaryocyte differentiation. In non-hematopoietic cell populations, IL-11 stimulates acute-phase proteins, modulates the development of immunoglobulin-producing B cells, and regulates bone turnover. IL-11 binds the IL-11Ralpha (IL-11Rα) receptor to activate JAK downstream signaling. Human IL-11 shows activity on murine cells.

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Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is produced by monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs). IL-1β signals through the IL-1 receptor, type 1 (IL-1R1) to activate the myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88) signaling pathway, which contains the cytoplasmic Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain adapter. IL-1β and the independently regulated IL-1α protein have overlapping proinflammatory activities to induce adhesion molecule expression on epithelial cells, control fever induction, initiate rheumatoid arthritis, and promote septic shock.

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Resistin-like molecule-gamma (RELM-γ) is a member of the RELM family of secreted proteins containing C-terminal cysteines. The RELM family consists of Resistin (FIZZ3), RELM-α (FIZZ1), RELM-β (FIZZ2), and RELM-γ (FIZZ4). RELM-γ is secreted by peripheral blood granulocytes, bone marrow, spleen, intestine, and lung. RELM-γ functions to promote and regulate promyelocytic differentiation, in addition to regulating nutrient-associated insulin sensitivity in the intestinal tract. Rodents secrete all four RELM family members, whereas Resistin and RELM-β are the only RELM family members found in humans.

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Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages and type 2 T helper (Th2) cells. IL-10 inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interferon gamma (IFNƴ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 2 (IL-2), interleukin 3 (IL-3), interleukin 4 (IL-4), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), made by macrophages and regulatory T cells. IL-10 also suppresses antigen presentation on antigen presenting cells, and enhances the survival, proliferation, and antibody production of B cells. Mouse IL-10 is not active on human cells.

Supplier: Shenandoah Biotechnology

Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages and type 2 T helper (Th2) cells. IL-10 inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interferon gamma (IFNg), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 2 (IL-2), interleukin 3 (IL-3), interleukin 4 (IL-4), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), made by macrophages and regulatory T cells. IL-10 also suppresses antigen presentation on antigen presenting cells, and enhances the survival, proliferation, and antibody production of B cells. Human IL-10 can act on murine cells, while murine IL-10 is not active on human cells.

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Interleukin 3 (IL-3) is a cytokine that is produced by activated T cells and mast cells. IL-3 induces the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into myeloid precursor cells, such as erythrocyte, megakaryocyte, granulocyte, monocyte, and dendritic cells. IL-3 also functions in the nervous system and is important during the B-1 cell regulation of chronic inflammatory diseases.

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BMP-4 recombinant protein, Purity: >/=95%, Source: Genetically modified CHO cells, Predicted MW: Dimer, 13.1/26.2 kDa(with 116/232 amino acids), Endotoxin:

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Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is an immunomodulatory cytokine that is produced by lymphocytes.

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Omentin is an adipokine that is produced and secreted by the small intestine, visceral adipose tissue, perivascular adipose tissue, and epicardial adipose tissue. Omentin enhances insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes and is a link between obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. Omentin also functions as a vasodilator and plays a protective role during coronary atherosclerosis and hypertension.

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Interleukin 17E (IL-17E), also known as IL-25, is a member of the IL-17 family of cytokines. IL-17E binds to the IL-17BR receptor to stimulate the secretion of the proinflammatory interleukin 8 (IL-8) chemokine and to induce the activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB).

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Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), also known as FGF2, is expressed by endothelial cells and is a mediator of angiogenesis. bFGF also has cardioprotective functions during heart injury. The application of bFGF is a critical component for embryonic stem cell culture systems and is necessary for maintaining cells in an undifferentiated state. Degredation of the full length bFGF N-terminus results in a truncated bFGF147aa protein, when the protein is isolated from biological sources. The N-terminus extensions influence the localization of bFGF within the cell, but do not affect the biological activity of bFGF. Therefore, there are no detectable differences in biological activity between the full length bFGF-154aa and the truncated bFGF-147aa recombinant proteins.

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Stromal cell-derived factor-1 beta (SDF-1b), also called CXCL12b, is one of two SDF-1 splice variants made by a wide variety of cells upon stimulation by inflammatory cytokines such as TNF, IL-1, and LPS. SDF-1b signals through the G protein-coupled receptor CXCR4 to recruit activated leukocytes.

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Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), also known as FGF2, is expressed by endothelial cells and is a mediator of angiogenesis. bFGF also has cardioprotective functions during heart injury. The application of bFGF is a critical component for embryonic stem cell culture systems and is necessary for maintaining cells in an undifferentiated state. Recombinant bFGF-154aa is the full length bFGF protein encoded by the human FGF2 gene. bFGF-154aa is the most popular tissue culture product at Shenandoah Biotechnology Inc. There are no detectable differences in biological activity between bFGF-154aa and the truncated bFGF-147aa proteins.

Supplier: Shenandoah Biotechnology

Myostatin (GDF-8), a member of the TGF-beta superfamily, is a potent and negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass. The recombinant myostatin propeptide binds and inhibits myostatin to enhance the repair and regeneration of injured muscle and bone.

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Macrophage inflammatory protein-3 alpha (MIP-3-alpha), also called CCL20, is expressed in the liver, lungs, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood lymphocytes. MIP-3-alpha expression is strongly induced by inflammatory signals, and downregulated by the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). MIP-3-alpha signals through the G protein-coupled receptor CCR6 to function as a chemoattractant to lymphocytes and dendritic cells.

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Interleukin 33 (IL-33) is a member of the IL-1 cytokine family and is constitutively expressed in smooth muscle and airway epithelial cells. IL-33 signals through the interleukin 1 receptor-like 1 (IL-1R1) and interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP) receptors to ativate NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. IL-33 functions to induce type 2 cytokine production in polarized Type 2 helper T (Th2) cells.

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Prolactin (PRL) is a hormone that is produced and secreted by the pituitary gland. PRL acts in an endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine manner. The prolactin receptor (PRLR) is expressed on many cell types, including cells of the reproductive organs, central nervous system, and breast cancer. PRL signal transduction occurs via JAK kinase signaling pathways. The primary function of PRL is to regulate lactation, but PRL also plays functional roles in the immune system and during cell growth, apoptosis, and differentiation.

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Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), also known as FGF2, is expressed by endothelial cells and is a mediator of angiogenesis. bFGF also has cardioprotective functions during heart injury. The application of bFGF is a critical component for embryonic stem cell culture systems and is necessary for maintaining cells in an undifferentiated state. Recombinant bFGF-154aa is the full length bFGF protein encoded by the human FGF2 gene. bFGF-154aa is the most popular tissue culture product at Shenandoah Biotechnology Inc. There are no detectable differences in biological activity between bFGF-154aa and the truncated bFGF-147aa proteins.

Supplier: Shenandoah Biotechnology

Interleukin 4 (IL-4) is an immunomodulatory cytokine that functions to induce naïve helper T cells to differentiate into type 2 T helper (Th2) cells. Th2 cells subsequently produce more IL-4 in a positive feedback loop. IL-4 also promotes immunoglobulin IgG to IgE isotype switching on B cells. IL-4 binds the IL-4Rα receptor to activate STAT6 signaling.

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Visfatin is an adipokine produced by visceral adipose tissue. Visfatin acts as a pro-inflammatory factor for peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and mimics the effects of insulin on adipocytes, monocytes and hepatocytes.

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Neuregulin 1-beta (NRG1-b) is one of many alternatively-spliced isoforms of the NRG1 gene and contains a soluble EGF-like domain. The EGF-like domain of NRG1-b signals through the ErbB2, ErbB3, and ErbB4 receptor tyrosine kinases. NRG1-b is an important growth factor involved in neuroinflammation, nerve regeneration, and cardiovascular processes.

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Eotaxin-1, also known as Eotaxin and CCL11, is a chemokine that recruits eosinophils to sites of allergic inflammation. Eotaxin-1 signals through the G protein-coupled chemokine receptors CCR2, CCR3, and CCR5. Eotaxin-1 also negatively regulates adult neurogenesis, and high Eotaxin-1 levels are associated with impaired learning and memory.

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Acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF), also known as FGF1, is a potent inducer of DNA synthesis, cell proliferation, and has chemotactic activities. aFGF regulates cardiogenesis through protein kinase C signaling. aFGF also functions as an insulin sensitizer and mediates adipose tissue remodeling. High serum levels of aFGF are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), suggesting a pathogenic role of aFGF during T2DM.

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Growth regulated protein alpha (GRO-alpha), also known as CXCL1, is a chemokine that has mitogenic properties and is a neutrophil chemoattractant. GRO-alpha is secreted by macrophages, epithelial cells, neutrophils, and melanomas. GRO-alpha signals through the CXCR2 chemokine receptor and is important during spinal cord formation, inflammation, angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, and wound healing. 

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Myostatin (GDF-8), a conserved member of the TGF-beta superfamily, is an essential regulator of skeletal muscle mass and cardiac muscle development and function. Myostatin is a secreted protein that negatively regulates skeletal muscle growth by determining muscle fiber number and size. Myostatin binds one of the two activin type II receptors (ACTRIIA, ACTRIIB) to activate SMAD signaling. Myostatin also activates MAPK signaling through TAK1-MKK6 and Ras pathways. Inhibition of myostatin increases muscle mass in a number of human disease animal models, such as muscular dystrophy.

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Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a growth factor that stimulates the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of epithelial and epidermal cells. EGF contains three intramolecular disulfide bonds and binds in high affinity to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). EGF is overexpressed in multiple tumor cell lines and promotes resistance to chemotherapy and radiation treatments.