15219 Results for: "4-Formylphenyl-beta-D-allofuranose"

Supplier: Prosci

Apolipoprotein H has been implicated in a variety of physiologic pathways including lipoprotein metabolism, coagulation, and the production of antiphospholipid autoantibodies. APOH may be a required cofactor for anionic phospholipid binding by the antiphospholipid autoantibodies found in sera of many patients with lupus and primary antiphospholipid syndrome, but it does not seem to be required for the reactivity of antiphospholipid autoantibodies associated with infections.Apolipoprotein H has been implicated in a variety of physiologic pathways including lipoprotein metabolism, coagulation, and the production of antiphospholipid autoantibodies. APOH may be a required cofactor for anionic phospholipid binding by the antiphospholipid autoantibodies found in sera of many patients with lupus and primary antiphospholipid syndrome, but it does not seem to be required for the reactivity of antiphospholipid autoantibodies associated with infections.

Supplier: Prosci

NFKB1 (MIM 164011) or NFKB2 (MIM 164012) is bound to REL (MIM 164910), RELA (MIM 164014), or RELB (MIM 604758) to form the NFKB complex. The NFKB complex is inhibited by I-kappa-B proteins (NFKBIA, MIM 164008, or NFKBIB), which inactivate NF-kappa-B by trapping it in the cytoplasm. Phosphorylation of serine residues on the I-kappa-B proteins by kinases (IKBKA, MIM 600664 or IKBKB, MIM 603258) marks them for destruction via the ubiquitination pathway, thereby allowing activation of the NF-kappa-B complex. Activated NFKB complex translocates into the nucleus and binds DNA at kappa-B-binding motifs such as 5-prime GGGRNNYYCC 3-prime or 5-prime HGGARNYYCC 3-prime (where H is A, C, or T; R is an A or G purine; and Y is a C or T pyrimidine).

Supplier: Prosci

TAB2 Antibody: TAB2 is an activator of MAP3K7/TAK1, which is required for for the IL-1 induced activation NF-kappaB and MAPK8/JNK. This protein forms a kinase complex with TRAF6, MAP3K7 and TAB1, thus serves as an adaptor linking MAP3K7 and TRAF6. This protein, TAB1, and MAP3K7 also participate in the signal transduction induced by TNFSF11/RANKL through the activation of the receptor activator of NF-kappaB (TNFRSF11A/RANK), which may regulate the development and function of osteoclasts. Recent experiments have shown that TAB2 and the related protein TAB3 constitutitvely interact with the autophagy mediator Beclin-1; upon induction of autophagy, these proteins dissociate from Beclin-1 and bind TAK1. Overexpression of TAB2 and TAB3 inhibit autophagy, while their depletion triggers it, suggesting that TAB2 and TAB3 act as a control point for autophagy.

Supplier: Bioss

Apoptosis is a cell death process that removes toxic and/or useless cells during mammalian development. The apoptotic process is accompanied by shrinkage and fragmentation of the cells and nuclei and degradation of the chromosomal DNA into nucleosomal units. DNA fragmentation factor (DFF) is a heterodimeric protein of 40-kD (DFFB) and 45-kD (DFFA) subunits. DFFA is the substrate for caspase-3 and triggers DNA fragmentation during apoptosis. DFF becomes activated when DFFA is cleaved by caspase-3. The cleaved fragments of DFFA dissociate from DFFB, the active component of DFF. DFFB has been found to trigger both DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation during apoptosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene but the biological validity of these variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].

Supplier: Prosci

14-3-3 proteins are a family of highly conserved proteins that appear to have multiple roles in cell signaling (Bridges and Moorhead, 2005). The proteins are abundantly expressed in the brain and have been detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with different neurological disorders (Berg et al., 2003). 14-3-3 proteins bind protein ligands that are typically phosphorylated on serine or threonine residues and regulate the functions of these binding partners by a number of different mechanisms (Silhan et al., 2004; Dougherty and Morrison, 2004). The 14-3-3 proteins affect a diverse array of cellular processes including the cell cycle and transcription, signal transduction and intracellular trafficking.

Supplier: Bioss

Apoptosis is a cell death process that removes toxic and/or useless cells during mammalian development. The apoptotic process is accompanied by shrinkage and fragmentation of the cells and nuclei and degradation of the chromosomal DNA into nucleosomal units. DNA fragmentation factor (DFF) is a heterodimeric protein of 40-kD (DFFB) and 45-kD (DFFA) subunits. DFFA is the substrate for caspase-3 and triggers DNA fragmentation during apoptosis. DFF becomes activated when DFFA is cleaved by caspase-3. The cleaved fragments of DFFA dissociate from DFFB, the active component of DFF. DFFB has been found to trigger both DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation during apoptosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene but the biological validity of these variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].

Supplier: Thermo Scientific

This antibody is predicted to react with canine and porcine based on sequence homology. ACAP2 is a transport carrier belonging to the Centaurin family with three ANK repeats, an Arf-GAP domain, a BAR domain, and a PH domain. ACAP2, a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for ADP ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6) has robust constitutive ARF6 GAP activity, where the GAP activity is stimulated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and phosphatidic acid but has little activity toward ARF1 and is known to control the return of ARF to the inactive GDB-bound shots. ACAP2, along with ACAP1, is targeted by phosphatidyl inositol (3, 4, 3) triphosphate inhibiting the formation of PDGF-induced dorsal membrane ruffles in NIH3T3 fibroblasts when overexpressed. ACAP2 is phosphorylated upon DNA damage, probably by ATM or ATR. Expression is wide-spread with the highest level in lung.

Supplier: Prosci

TAB2 Antibody: TAB2 is an activator of MAP3K7/TAK1, which is required for for the IL-1 induced activation NF-kappaB and MAPK8/JNK. This protein forms a kinase complex with TRAF6, MAP3K7 and TAB1, thus serves as an adaptor linking MAP3K7 and TRAF6. This protein, TAB1, and MAP3K7 also participate in the signal transduction induced by TNFSF11/RANKL through the activation of the receptor activator of NF-kappaB (TNFRSF11A/RANK), which may regulate the development and function of osteoclasts. Recent experiments have shown that TAB2 and the related protein TAB3 constitutitvely interact with the autophagy mediator Beclin-1; upon induction of autophagy, these proteins dissociate from Beclin-1 and bind TAK1. Overexpression of TAB2 and TAB3 inhibit autophagy, while their depletion triggers it, suggesting that TAB2 and TAB3 act as a control point for autophagy.

Supplier: Prosci

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are ligand-gated ion channels nAChRs are pentameric structures that are made up of combinations of individual subunits. CHRNB3 is one of the subunits of nAChR. Twelve neuronal nAChR subunits have been described, alpha2-alpha10 and beta2-beta4. CHRNB3 decreased the channel mean open time and burst length. There was also an increase in single channel slope conductance. On the other hand, the calcium permeability and the pharmacological properties of beta3-containing receptors differed little from those of without beta3. Dysfunction of nAChR has been linked to a number of human diseases such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. nAChRs also play a significant role in nicotine addiction.

Supplier: Biosensis

MAP1A and MAP1B are microtubule-associated protein which mediate the physical interactions between microtubules and components of the cytoskeleton (probably involved in autophagosome formation). MAP1A and MAP1B each consist of a heavy chain subunit and 3 different light chain subunits (LC1, LC2 and LC3). MAP1LC3A  is one of the light chain subunits and can associate with either MAP1A or MAP1B. The precursor form of MAP1LC3A is cleaved by APG4/ATG4B to form the cytosolic form LC3-1. This is activated by APG7L/ATG7, transferred to ATG3 and conjugated to phospholipid to form the membrane-bound form, LC3-II. MAP1LC3A is most abundant in heart, brain, liver, skeletal muscle and testis but is absent in thymus and peripheral leukocytes.

Supplier: Bioss

The protein encoded by this gene has sequence similarity with members of the WD40 repeat-containing protein family. The WD40 group is a large family of proteins, which appear to have a regulatory function. It is believed that the WD40 repeats mediate protein-protein interactions and members of the family are involved in signal transduction, RNA processing, gene regulation, vesicular trafficking, cytoskeletal assembly and may play a role in the control of cytotypic differentiation. This encoded protein is found as a subunit in corepressor SMRT (silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid receptors) complex along with histone deacetylase 3 protein. This gene is located adjacent to the ocular albinism gene and it is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of the ocular albinism with late-onset sensorineural deafness phenotype. Four transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. This gene is highly similar to the Y chromosome TBL1Y gene. [provided by RefSeq].

Supplier: Prosci

DNASE2B shares considerable sequence similarity to, and is structurally related to DNase II. The latter is a well characterized endonuclease that catalyzes DNA hydrolysis in the absence of divalent cations at acidic pH. Unlike DNase II which is ubiquitously expressed, expression of this protein is restricted to the salivary gland and lungs. The protein encoded by this gene shares considerable sequence similarity to, and is structurally related to DNase II. The latter is a well characterized endonuclease that catalyzes DNA hydrolysis in the absence of divalent cations at acidic pH. Unlike DNase II which is ubiquitously expressed, expression of this gene product is restricted to the salivary gland and lungs. The gene has been localized to chromosome 1p22.3 adjacent (and in opposite orientation) to the uricase pseudogene. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene.

Supplier: Prosci

DNASE2B shares considerable sequence similarity to, and is structurally related to DNase II. The latter is a well characterized endonuclease that catalyzes DNA hydrolysis in the absence of divalent cations at acidic pH. Unlike DNase II which is ubiquitously expressed, expression of this protein is restricted to the salivary gland and lungs. The protein encoded by this gene shares considerable sequence similarity to, and is structurally related to DNase II. The latter is a well characterized endonuclease that catalyzes DNA hydrolysis in the absence of divalent cations at acidic pH. Unlike DNase II which is ubiquitously expressed, expression of this gene product is restricted to the salivary gland and lungs. The gene has been localized to chromosome 1p22.3 adjacent (and in opposite orientation) to the uricase pseudogene. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene.

Supplier: Bioss

The protein encoded by this gene has sequence similarity with members of the WD40 repeat-containing protein family. The WD40 group is a large family of proteins, which appear to have a regulatory function. It is believed that the WD40 repeats mediate protein-protein interactions and members of the family are involved in signal transduction, RNA processing, gene regulation, vesicular trafficking, cytoskeletal assembly and may play a role in the control of cytotypic differentiation. This encoded protein is found as a subunit in corepressor SMRT (silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid receptors) complex along with histone deacetylase 3 protein. This gene is located adjacent to the ocular albinism gene and it is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of the ocular albinism with late-onset sensorineural deafness phenotype. Four transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. This gene is highly similar to the Y chromosome TBL1Y gene. [provided by RefSeq].

Supplier: Prosci

PTK2B encodes a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase which is involved in calcium-induced regulation of ion channels and activation of the map kinase signaling pathway. The encoded protein may represent an important signaling intermediate between neuropeptide-activated receptors or neurotransmitters that increase calcium flux and the downstream signals that regulate neuronal activity. The encoded protein undergoes rapid tyrosine phosphorylation and activation in response to increases in the intracellular calcium concentration, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation, membrane depolarization, or protein kinase C activation. This protein has been shown to bind CRK-associated substrate, nephrocystin, GTPase regulator associated with FAK, and the SH2 domain of GRB2. The encoded protein is a member of the FAK subfamily of protein tyrosine kinases but lacks significant sequence similarity to kinases from other subfamilies.

Supplier: Prosci

DFF40 Antibody: Apoptosis is related to many diseases and induced by a family of cell death receptors and their ligands. Cell death signals are transduced by death domain containing adapter molecules and members of the caspase family of proteases. These death signals finally cause the degradation of chromosomal DNA by activated DNase. A mouse DNase that causes DNA fragmentation was identified recently and designated CAD (for caspase activated deoxyribonuclease). The human homologue of mouse CAD was more recently identified by three groups independently and termed CPAN, DFF40, and human CAD, respectively. DFF45/ICAD is the inhibitory protein of DFF40/CAD and forms complex with DFF40/CAD. Upon cleavage of DFF45/ICAD by activated caspase, DFF40/CAD is released and activated and eventually causes the degradation of DNA in the nuclei. Activation of DFF40/CAD, which causes DNA degradation, is the hallmark of apoptotic cell death.

Supplier: Bioss

Apoptosis is a cell death process that removes toxic and/or useless cells during mammalian development. The apoptotic process is accompanied by shrinkage and fragmentation of the cells and nuclei and degradation of the chromosomal DNA into nucleosomal units. DNA fragmentation factor (DFF) is a heterodimeric protein of 40-kD (DFFB) and 45-kD (DFFA) subunits. DFFA is the substrate for caspase-3 and triggers DNA fragmentation during apoptosis. DFF becomes activated when DFFA is cleaved by caspase-3. The cleaved fragments of DFFA dissociate from DFFB, the active component of DFF. DFFB has been found to trigger both DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation during apoptosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene but the biological validity of these variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].

Supplier: Thermo Scientific

This antibody is predicted to react with bovine, canine and rat based on sequence homology. Essential component of the COP9 signalosome complex (CSN), a complex involved in various cellular and developmental processes. The CSN complex is an essential regulator of the ubiquitin (Ubl) conjugation pathway by mediating the deneddylation of the cullin subunits of SCF-type E3 ligase complexes, leading to decrease the Ubl ligase activity of SCF-type complexes such as SCF, CSA or DDB2. The complex is also involved in phosphorylation of p53/TP53, c-jun/JUN, IkappaBalpha/NFKBIA, ITPK1 and IRF8/ICSBP, possibly via its association with CK2 and PKD kinases. CSN-dependent phosphorylation of TP53 and JUN promotes and protects degradation by the Ubl system, respectively. Involved in early stage of neuronal differentiation via its interaction with NIF3L1.

Supplier: Prosci

IL-15 (14-15 kD) is a member of the four alpha-helical bundle family of cytokines. It is very similar to IL-2, except that IL-15 has an IL-15 alpha receptor subunit. IL-15 plays an important role in the growth and differentiation of T and B lymphocytes, natural killer cells, macrophages, and monocytes as well as activation of a number of important intracellular signaling molecules. This implies that IL-15 could be essential for the immune responses, allograft rejection, and the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.

Supplier: Bioss

Apoptosis is a cell death process that removes toxic and/or useless cells during mammalian development. The apoptotic process is accompanied by shrinkage and fragmentation of the cells and nuclei and degradation of the chromosomal DNA into nucleosomal units. DNA fragmentation factor (DFF) is a heterodimeric protein of 40-kD (DFFB) and 45-kD (DFFA) subunits. DFFA is the substrate for caspase-3 and triggers DNA fragmentation during apoptosis. DFF becomes activated when DFFA is cleaved by caspase-3. The cleaved fragments of DFFA dissociate from DFFB, the active component of DFF. DFFB has been found to trigger both DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation during apoptosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene but the biological validity of these variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].

Supplier: Bioss

Apoptosis is a cell death process that removes toxic and/or useless cells during mammalian development. The apoptotic process is accompanied by shrinkage and fragmentation of the cells and nuclei and degradation of the chromosomal DNA into nucleosomal units. DNA fragmentation factor (DFF) is a heterodimeric protein of 40-kD (DFFB) and 45-kD (DFFA) subunits. DFFA is the substrate for caspase-3 and triggers DNA fragmentation during apoptosis. DFF becomes activated when DFFA is cleaved by caspase-3. The cleaved fragments of DFFA dissociate from DFFB, the active component of DFF. DFFB has been found to trigger both DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation during apoptosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene but the biological validity of these variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].

Supplier: Prosci

CAD Antibody: Apoptosis is related to many diseases and induced by a family of cell death receptors and their ligands. Cell death signals are transduced by death domain containing adapter molecules and members of the caspase family of proteases. These death signals finally cause the degradation of chromosomal DNA by activated DNase. A mouse DNase that causes DNA fragmentation was identified recently and designated CAD (for caspase activated deoxyribonuclease). The human homologue of mouse CAD was more recently identified by two groups independently and termed CPAN and DFF40. Human DFF45 and its mouse homologue ICAD are the inhibitors of CPAN/DFF40 and CAD, respectively. Upon cleavage of DFF45/ICAD by activated caspase, DFF40/CAD is released and activated and eventually causes the degradation of DNA in the nuclei. Activation of CAD/DFF40, which causes DNA degradation, is the hallmark of apoptotic cell death.

Supplier: Prosci

PTK2B encodes a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase which is involved in calcium-induced regulation of ion channels and activation of the map kinase signaling pathway. The encoded protein may represent an important signaling intermediate between neuropeptide-activated receptors or neurotransmitters that increase calcium flux and the downstream signals that regulate neuronal activity. The encoded protein undergoes rapid tyrosine phosphorylation and activation in response to increases in the intracellular calcium concentration, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation, membrane depolarization, or protein kinase C activation. This protein has been shown to bind CRK-associated substrate, nephrocystin, GTPase regulator associated with FAK, and the SH2 domain of GRB2. The encoded protein is a member of the FAK subfamily of protein tyrosine kinases but lacks significant sequence similarity to kinases from other subfamilies.

Supplier: Prosci

HSD11B1 is a microsomal enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of the stress hormone cortisol to the inactive metabolite cortisone. In addition, HSD11B1 can catalyze the reverse reaction, the conversion of cortisone to cortisol. Too much cortisol can lead to central obesity, and a particular variation in this gene has been associated with obesity and insulin resistance in children.The protein encoded by this gene is a microsomal enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of the stress hormone cortisol to the inactive metabolite cortisone. In addition, the encoded protein can catalyze the reverse reaction, the conversion of cortisone to cortisol. Too much cortisol can lead to central obesity, and a particular variation in this gene has been associated with obesity and insulin resistance in children. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.

Supplier: Prosci

Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Family Receptor alpha-1 (GDNFR alpha1) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) linked cell surface protein belonging to GDNF-family receptor alpha subtype which consists of at least four members. GFR alpha1and GFR alpha2 are the cognate co-receptor for the neurotrophic factor neurturin mediating the NRTN-induced autophosphorylation and activation of the RET tyrosine kinase receptor. Soluble GFR alphas released enzymatically from the cell surface by phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C, as well as recombinantly produced soluble GFR alpha1, can also bind with high affinity to GDNF and trigger the activation of Ret tyrosine kinase. Human GFR alpha1 shares 93% amino acid identity with mouse GFR alpha1.The expression of the various GFR alphas are differentially regulated in the central and peripheral nervous system, suggesting complementary roles for the GFR alphas in mediating the activities of the GDNF family of neurotrophic factors.

Supplier: Bioss

Apoptosis is a cell death process that removes toxic and/or useless cells during mammalian development. The apoptotic process is accompanied by shrinkage and fragmentation of the cells and nuclei and degradation of the chromosomal DNA into nucleosomal units. DNA fragmentation factor (DFF) is a heterodimeric protein of 40-kD (DFFB) and 45-kD (DFFA) subunits. DFFA is the substrate for caspase-3 and triggers DNA fragmentation during apoptosis. DFF becomes activated when DFFA is cleaved by caspase-3. The cleaved fragments of DFFA dissociate from DFFB, the active component of DFF. DFFB has been found to trigger both DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation during apoptosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene but the biological validity of these variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].

Supplier: Bioss

The protein encoded by this gene has sequence similarity with members of the WD40 repeat-containing protein family. The WD40 group is a large family of proteins, which appear to have a regulatory function. It is believed that the WD40 repeats mediate protein-protein interactions and members of the family are involved in signal transduction, RNA processing, gene regulation, vesicular trafficking, cytoskeletal assembly and may play a role in the control of cytotypic differentiation. This encoded protein is found as a subunit in corepressor SMRT (silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid receptors) complex along with histone deacetylase 3 protein. This gene is located adjacent to the ocular albinism gene and it is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of the ocular albinism with late-onset sensorineural deafness phenotype. Four transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. This gene is highly similar to the Y chromosome TBL1Y gene. [provided by RefSeq].

Supplier: Prosci

DFF40 Antibody: Apoptosis is related to many diseases and induced by a family of cell death receptors and their ligands. Cell death signals are transduced by death domain containing adapter molecules and members of the caspase family of proteases. These death signals finally cause the degradation of chromosomal DNA by activated DNase. A mouse DNase that causes DNA fragmentation was identified recently and designated CAD (for caspase activated deoxyribonuclease). The human homologue of mouse CAD was more recently identified by three groups independently and termed CPAN, DFF40, and human CAD, respectively. DFF45/ICAD is the inhibitory protein of DFF40/CAD and forms complex with DFF40/CAD. Upon cleavage of DFF45/ICAD by activated caspase, DFF40/CAD is released and activated and eventually causes the degradation of DNA in the nuclei. Activation of DFF40/CAD, which causes DNA degradation, is the hallmark of apoptotic cell death.

Supplier: Prosci

DFF40 Antibody: Apoptosis is related to many diseases and induced by a family of cell death receptors and their ligands. Cell death signals are transduced by death domain containing adapter molecules and members of the caspase family of proteases. These death signals finally cause the degradation of chromosomal DNA by activated DNase. A mouse DNase that causes DNA fragmentation was identified recently and designated CAD for caspase activated deoxyribonuclease. The human homologue of mouse CAD was more recently identified by three groups independently and termed CPAN, DFF40, and human CAD, respectively. DFF45/ICAD is the inhibitory protein of DFF40/CAD and forms complex with DFF40/CAD. Upon cleavage of DFF45/ICAD by activated caspase, DFF40/CAD is released and activated and eventually causes the degradation of DNA in the nuclei. Activation of DFF40/CAD, which causes DNA degradation, is the hallmark of apoptotic cell death.

Supplier: Prosci

IL-15 (14-15 kD) is a member of the four alpha-helical bundle family of cytokines. It is very similar to IL-2, except that IL-15 has an IL-15 alpha receptor subunit. IL-15 plays an important role in the growth and differentiation of T and B lymphocytes, natural killer cells, macrophages, and monocytes as well as activation of a number of important intracellular signaling molecules. This implies that IL-15 could be essential for the immune responses, allograft rejection, and the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.