Karl Fischer titration is applied to multifarious substances. The nuances in sample properties influence the Karl Fischer titration differently. There are a number of ways to adjust the working conditions.

Solubilizers: In special cases the addition of solubilizer is required in order to enable a direct titration of the sample and avoid complicated and error-prone pre-dissolution and pre-extraction steps.

Buffers: The Karl Fischer reaction is pH dependant, with pH 5-7.5 being the ideal range. Strongly acidic samples slow the reaction and must be neutralized without inducing an alkaline reaction of the working medium prior to starting the titration. Strong bases can increase the pH of the working solution if the basicity exceeds the buffering capacity of the reagent. A titration end point will not be reached. Strong bases also must be neutralized prior to starting the titration.

Drying agents: Special drying agents are suitable to hold the near environment of the Karl Fischer equipment on a low water level or to dry
carrier gases in case of oven technique

HYDRANAL-Moisture Test Kit is for rough measurements without a titrator, special test kits for visual water determination according to Karl Fischer can be used.
The set contains syringes, titration vessel and reagents: 2 x 500 mL Hydranal-Solvent E (34730), 100 mL Hydranal-Titrant 5 E (34732) and 100 mL Hydranal-Standard 5.0 (34813). Refills can be ordered separately.